From Normandy to Windsor

The Normans

The Plantagenets

The Lancastrians

1027

August 6: Robert I ascends the dukedom of Normandy

1028

William of Normandy is born to Robert I, Duke of Normandy and Herleva of Falaise

1031

Matilda of Flanders is born to Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and Adela of France

1035

January: Robert I, Duke of Normandy orders Norman magnates to swear fealty to William of Normandy
July: Robert I, Duke of Normandy dies at Nicea; William II ascends the dukedom of Normandy

1037 – 1047: Anarchy in Normandy

1049

Marriage between William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders is proposed
October: Pope Leo IX forbids the marriage of William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1051

William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders are married
Edward the Confessor, King of England chooses William II, Duke of Normandy as his heir

Matilda of Flanders, wife of William I, in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris

1052

Robert of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1054

Richard of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1056

William of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1058

Adeliza of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1059

Cecily of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1060

Constance of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1061

Matilda of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1063

Robert of Normandy, son of William, Duke of Normandy, is made Count of Maine

The House of Normandy

The Bayeux tapestry depicting the Battle of Hastings

1066

January 5: Edward the Confessor, King of England dies in London; Harold Godwinson ascends the English throne
January 6: Harold Godwinson is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
October 14: William II, Duke of Normandy defeats Harold Godwinson, King of England at the Battle of Hastings
October 14: Harold Godwinson is killed at the Battle of Hastings; William II, Duke of Normandy ascends the English throne as William I
December 25: William I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1067

March: William I leaves England for Normandy
December: Adela of Normandy is born to William I and Matilda of Flanders
December: William I leaves Normandy for England

1068

March: Matilda of Flanders joins William I in England
May 11: Matilda of Flanders is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
December: Henry of Normandy is born to William I and Matilda of Flanders in Yorkshire

1069 – 1075

Richard of Normandy, son of William I, dies in the New Forest

1073

William I leaves England for Normandy and returns a few months later

1074

William I spends the entire year in Normandy

1075

William I defeats the Revolt of the Earls, the last resistance to the Norman Conquest

1077

Robert, Count of Maine, son of William I, leads his first insurrection against his father over the actions of his younger brothers, William and Henry of Normandy

1079

Robert, Count of Maine, son of William I, unhorses his father in battle

1080

Matilda of Scotland is born to Malcolm III, King of Scotland and Margaret of Wessex
Easter: William I and his son, Robert, Count of Maine are reunited thanks to Matilda of Flanders, Queen of England

1082

Adela of Normandy, daughter of William I, and Stephen of Blois are married

1083

November: Matilda of Flanders, Queen of England, wife of William I, dies

1085

December 25: William I orders the completion of the Domesday Book

The Domesday Book in the National Archives

1086

August 1: The Domesday Book is completed
Matilda of Normandy, daughter of William I, dies

1087

Constance of Normandy and Alan IV, Duke of Brittany are married
September 9: William I dies at the Priory of Saint Gervase in Rouen; William of Normandy ascends the English throne as William II, and Robert of Normandy ascends the dukedom of Normandy as Robert II
September 26: William II is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1088

William II defeats the Revolt of 1088
Henry of Normandy, son of William I, is named Count of Cotentin

1089

Stephen of Blois, husband of Adela of Normandy, daughter of William I, inherits the county of Blois

1090

Robert II, Duke of Normandy takes the County of Cotentin away from his brother, Henry of Normandy
August 13: Constance of Normandy, Duchess of Brittany, daughter of William I, dies

1091

William II successfully invades Normandy, defeating Robert II, Duke of Normandy. They eventually reconciled.

1092

Stephen of Blois is born to Stephen, Count of Blois and Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois in Blois

1094

William II attacks Normandy once again

1096

Robert II, Duke of Normandy leaves for the First Crusade in the Holy Land

1097 – 1099

William II serves as regent for his brother, Robert II, Duke of Normandy

1100

August 2: William II dies in the New Forest; Henry of Normandy ascends the English throne as Henry I
August 5: Henry I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey; the Charter of Liberties is issued
November 11: Henry I and Matilda of Scotland, daughter of Malcom III, King of Scotland, are married at Westminster Abbey
Robert II, Duke of Normandy and Sybilla of Conversano are married

1101

July 20: Robert II, Duke of Normandy lands in England to claim the throne
The Treaty of Alton is signed, in which Robert II, Duke of Normandy recognizes Henry I as the king of England

1102

February 7: Matilda of England is born to Henry I and Margaret of Scotland
May 12: Stephen, Count of Blois dies; Adela of Normandy assumes the regency of Blois on behalf of her son, Theobold III.
October 25: William Clito is born to Robert II, Duke of Normandy and Sybilla of Conversano

Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England, wife of Henry I

1103

Adeliza of Louvain is born to Godfrey I, Count of Louvain and Ida of Namur
March 18: Sybilla of Conversano, Duchess of Normandy dies in Rouen
August 5: William Adelin of England is born to Henry I and Margaret of Scotland

1103 – 1107: English investiture controversy

1105

Matilda of Boulogne is born to Eustace III, Count of Boulogne and Mary of Scotland in Boulogne
Henry I invades Normandy; Bayeux and Caen are captured

1106

September 28: Henry I defeats Robert II, Duke of Normandy at the Battle of Tinchebray, claiming Normandy for England

1110

February: Matilda of England, daughter of Henry I, leaves England for Germany
April 10: Matilda of England, daughter of Henry I, and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor are betrothed at Liege
July 25: Matilda of England, daughter of Henry I, is crowned Queen of the Romans in Mainz

1111

Robert of Shrewsbury leads a rebellion in Normandy and Henry I launches a military campaign in response

1112

Robert of Shrewsbury is captured, ending the rebellion
Cecily of Normandy, daughter of William I, is named Abbess of Holy Trinity in Caen

1113

The Treaty of Gisors is signed, in which France recognizes English rule over Maine and Brittany

1114

January 7: Matilda of England, daughter of Henry I, and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor are married at Worms

1116

Henry I launches a military campaign against France, Anjou and Flanders

1118

Peace with Flanders is reached
May 1: Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England, wife of Henry I, dies at Westminster Abbey

1119

June: William Adelin of England, son of Henry I, and Matilda of Anjou are married
August 20: Henry I defeats Louis VI, King of France at the Battle of Bremule in Normandy

1120

Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois, daughter of William I, retires to the Marcigny Convent
November 25: William Adelin of England, son of Henry I, dies on the White Ship crossing the English Channel

1121

January 24: Henry I and Adeliza of Louvain are married at Windsor Castle

Adeliza of Louvain, Queen of England, second wife of Henry I

1122

Eleanor of Aquitaine is born to William X, Duke of Aquitaine and Aenor de Chatellerault in Poitiers

1124

Henry I attempts to invade France and fails

1125

Stephen of Blois, Count of Mortain, grandson of William I, and Matilda of Boulogne are married
Eustace III, Count of Boulogne dies, leaving the county of Boulogne to Stephen of Blois, Count of Mortain and Matilda of Boulogne
May 23: Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor dies at Utrecht

1126

July 30: Cecily of Normandy, Abbess of Holy Trinity, daughter of William I, dies in Caen
December 25: Henry I asks his nobles to recognize his daughter, Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress as his heir

1127

January 1: The English nobles accept Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress as the heir to the English throne
Eustace of Blois is born to Stephen, Count of Boulogne and Matilda, Countess of Boulogne

1128

June 17: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Henry I, and Geoffrey Martel of Anjou are married

1129

Geoffrey Martel ascends the county of Anjou

1131

September 8: The barons swear allegiance to Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress as the heir to the English throne

1133

March 5: Henry of Anjou is born at Le Mans to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress
August: Henry I leaves England for Normandy

1134

February 3: Robert II, Duke of Normandy dies at Cardiff Castle
June 1: Geoffrey of Anjou is born to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress in Rouen

1135

December 1: Henry I dies in Normandy
December 22: Stephen of Blois, grandson of William I, claims the throne as King Stephen
December 26: Stephen of Blois is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1136

Marie of Blois is born to King Stephen and Matilda of Boulogne
February 5: The Treaty of Durham is signed, in which Stephen concedes Cumberland to David I, King of Scotland
July 22: William of Anjou is born to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress in Normandy

1137

William of Boulogne is born to King Stephen and Matilda of Boulogne
March 8: Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois, daughter of William I, dies at Marcigny-sur-Loire dies
March: King Stephen fails to capture Normandy from Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Henry I
April 9: William X, Duke of Aquitaine dies, leaving Aquitaine to his daughter, Eleanor
July 25: Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine and Louis, Prince of France are married in Bordeaux
August 1: Louis, Duke of Aquitaine and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine inherit the French throne
December 25: Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine are crowned king and queen of France

The wedding of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis VII, King of France

1138

January – February: David I, King of Scotland raids Northumberland
May: Robert, Earl of Gloucester leads a rebellion in favor of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress
June 10: The Scottish defeat the English at the Battle of Clotheroe
August 22: The English defeat the Scottish at the Battle of the Standard
Adeliza of Louvain, Queen of England, widow of Henry I, and William d’Aubigny, Earl of Arundel are married

1139

April 9: The Treaty of Durham is signed, in which David I, King of Scotland’s son, Henry, takes control of Northumberland
September 30: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Henry I, lands in Arundel to take back the throne from King Stephen
November 7: Robert, Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I, takes control of Worcester

1140

Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne and Constance of France, daughter of Louis VI, King of France and Adelaide of Maurienne, Queen of France, are married
December: Ranulf, Earl of Chester takes control of Lincoln

1141

February 2: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress defeats King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln
April 8: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress is proclaimed queen and King Stephen is captured
June 24: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress is forced to leave Westminster for Oxford
July: Matilda of Boulogne, Queen of England, wife of King Stephen, re-captures London
September 14: Robert, Earl of Gloucester, illegitimate son of Henry I, is captured during fighting at Winchester
November 1: King Stephen and Robert, Earl of Gloucester are exchanged as prisoners, ending the reign of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress

1142

Henry of Anjou, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, arrives in England for the first time
September 26: King Stephen captures Oxford and besieges Oxford Castle, in which Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress resides.
December: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress escapes from Oxford

1144

Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, husband of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, completes the conquest of Normandy

Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, husband of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress

1145

Marie of France is born to Louis VII, King of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France

1147

Henry of Anjou returns to England to fight on behalf of his mother, Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress

1148

William of Blois, son of King Stephen, and Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey are married
February: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress is forced to return to Normandy

1150

Henry of Anjou, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, inherits the duchy of Normandy
Summer: Alix of France is born to Louis VII, King of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France

1151

Henry, Duke of Normandy, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, pays homage to Louis VII, King of France
April 23: Adeliza of Louvain, Queen of England, widow of Henry I, dies in Brabant
September 7: Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, husband of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, dies at the Chateau-du-Loir

Heddingham Castle, where Matilda of Boulogne, Queen of England, consort of King Stephen, died

1152

May 3: Matilda of Boulogne, Queen of England, wife of King Stephen, dies in Essex
March 11: The marriage of Louis VII, King of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France is dissolved
March 21: The annulment of the marriage between Louis VII, King of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France is approved by Pope Eugene III
May 18: Henry, Duke of Normandy, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine are married in Poitiers
King Stephen besieges the Wallingford Castle

1153

January: Henry, Duke of Normandy, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, arrives in England
August 17: Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne, son of King Stephen, dies in Suffolk; William of Blois, younger son of King Stephen, inherits the county of Boulogne as William I
August 17: William Plantagenet is born to Henry, Duke of Normandy and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, is named Count of Poitiers
November 7: The Treaty of Wallingford is signed in which King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy end the civil war and Henry is named heir to the English throne

The House of Plantagenet

1154

October 25: King Stephen dies at Dover; Henry, Duke of Normandy ascends the English throne as Henry II
December 29: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine are crowned king and queen of England at Westminster Abbey

1155

Marie of Blois, daughter of King Stephen, is elected Abbess of Romsey
January: Thomas Becket is appointed Lord Chancellor
February 28: Henry Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

1156

January 6: Matilda Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in Berkshire
February 5: Henry II pays homage to Louis VII, King of France to secure Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
April: William IX, Count of Poitiers, son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, dies in Berkshire
Henry II suppresses a revolt by his brother, Geoffrey of Anjou and appoints him Count of Nantes

1157

May: Malcom IV, King of Scotland is named Earl of Huntingdon in exchange for Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland
Summer: Henry II launches a campaign in Wales
July: Owain Gwynedd pays homage to Henry II
September 8: Richard Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine in Oxford

1158

Summer: Henry II leaves England for Normandy
July 27: Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, dies in Nantes
August: An Anglo-French treaty is signed in which Henry of England is betrothed to Marguerite of France
September 23: Geoffrey Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine is born

1159

England unsuccessfully attacks Toulouse
October 11: William I, Count of Boulogne, son of King Stephen, dies in Toulouse; Marie I, William’s sister, inherits the county of Boulogne

1160

Marie I, Countess of Boulogne, daughter of King Stephen, is abducted from Romsey Abbey by Matthew of Alsace and forced into marriage
November 2: Henry Plantagenet and Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII, King of France, are betrothed

1161

January 5: Edward the Confessor, King of England is canonized by the Catholic Church

1162

June 3: Thomas Becket is consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury and resigns as Lord Chancellor
October 13: Eleanor Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor Aquitaine in Normandy

1163

January: Henry II successfully suppresses a revolt in Wales, captures Rhys ap Gruffydd
July 1: Henry II calls on the Welsh princes and Malcolm IV, King of Scotland to pay homage

1164

January: Henry II enacts the Constitution of Clarendon
January 20: William of Anjou, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, dies in Rouen
Marie of France, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, and Henry I, Count of Champagne are married
Alix of France, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, and Theobold V, Count of Blois are married

1165

October: Joan Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine in Angers

1166

Henry II invades Brittany and forces Conan IV, Duke of Brittany to abdicate in favor of his daughter, Constance; Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance, Duchess of Brittany are betrothed
December 24: John Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine in Oxford

1167

September 10: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Henry I, dies in Rouen

1168

Eleanor of Aquitaine takes up semi-permanent residence in Poitiers
February 1: Matilda Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and Henry, Duke of Saxony are married at Minden Cathedral

1169

January: The Treaty of Monmirail is signed, in which Henry II divides his French territories by leaving Aquitaine to Richard, Brittany to Geoffrey and the remainder to Henry

1170

Berengaria of Navarre is born to Sancho VI, King of Navarre and Sancha and Castile
The marriage between Marie I, Countess of Boulogne, daughter of King Stephen, and Matthew of Alsace is annulled; Marie I re-enters the religious orders
Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and Alfonso VIII, King of Castile are betrothed
June 14: Henry Plantagenet, son of Henry II, is crowned the Young King
July 22: Henry II and Thomas Becket are reconciled
September 21: England captures Dublin
December 29: Thomas Becket is murdered by four of Henry II’s knights

1171

October 16: Henry II declares himself Lord of Ireland

1172

August 27: Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, and Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII, King of France, are married at Winchester Cathedral

1173

Isabella of Gloucester is born to William Fitz Robert, Earl of Gloucester and Hawise de Beaumont
February 21: Thomas Becket is canonized
March: Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, leaves England for the French court; Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II, is placed under house arrest
March: William I, King of Scotland invades the North of England

1174

Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and Alfonso VIII, King of Castile are married in Burgos
July 8: Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, and Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II, leave France for England; Eleanor is imprisoned upon her return
July 12: Henry II does penance at Canterbury for the murder of Thomas Becket
September 30: The Treaty of Monlouis is signed, in which Henry II makes peace with his sons
December 8: William I, King of Scotland is released in exchange for Scotland paying homage to England

1175

October: The Treaty of Windsor is signed, in which Henry II recognizes Ruaidri Ua Conchobair as King of Ireland

1176

May 20: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and William II, King of Sicily are betrothed
August 27: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, leaves England for Sicily
September 28: John Plantagenet, son of Henry II, and Isabella of Gloucester are betrothed

1177

February 13: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and William II, King Sicily are married in Palermo
May: John Plantagenet, son of Henry II, is made Lord of Ireland

1180

September: Henry II renews the Pact of Ivry with Philip II, King of France

1182

Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, leads a rebellion against his father in Aquitaine
July 25: Marie I, Countess of Boulogne, daughter of King Stephen, dies in Montreuil

1183

June 11: Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, dies in Lot

1185

January 29: Henry II declines an offer to become King of Jerusalem
Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, wife of Henry II, takes control of Aquitaine
April 25: John Plantagenet, son of Henry II, is appointed Lord of Ireland, is recalled in December

1186

William I, King of Scotland is restored to Edinburgh by England
August 19: Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany dies in Paris; Philip II, King of France claims control of Brittany

1187

May: Philip II, King of France invades Aquitaine, which ends in a truce

1188

Isabella of Angouleme is born to Aymer, Count of Angouleme and Alice of Courtenay
November 11: Henry II refuses to name his son, Richard Plantagenet, his heir; Richard pays homage to Philip II, King of France

The tomb of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine at Fontrevaud Abbey

1189

June 28: Matilda Plantagenet, Duchess of Saxony, daughter of Henry II, dies in Brunswick
July 4: Henry II surrenders to his son, Richard Plantagenet, agrees to make him his heir and pay an indemnity
July 6: Henry II dies in Chinon; Richard Plantagenet ascends the English throne as Richard I
August 13: Richard I lands in England from Barfleur
August 29: John Plantagenet, son of Henry II, and Isabella of Gloucester are married in Wiltshire
September 3: Richard I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
December 12: Richard I embarks on the Third Crusade

1190

February 6: The majority of Norwich’s Jewish population is massacred
March 7: Jewish massacre at Stamford Fair
March 16: Jewish massacre in York
March 18: Massacre at Bury St. Edmunds
July 4: Richard I, King of England and Philip II, King of France leave France to join the Third Crusade

1191

May 12: Richard I and Berengaria of Navarre are married in Cyprus; Berengaria of Navarre is crowned queen of England

Berengaria of Navarre, Queen of England, consort of Richard I

1192

December 11: Richard I is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria while returning from the Third Crusade

1193

February 14: Custody of Richard I is handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor

1194

February 4: Richard I is ransomed from captivity
March 12 – 28: Richard I returns to England and attempts to re-claim Nottingham Castle from his brother, John Plantagenet, Earl of Gloucester
April 17: Richard I is crowned king of England at Winchester
May 12: Richard I leaves England for France
July 3: The English win the Battle of Freteval over the French

1195

The Treaty of Louviers is signed, suspending war between England and France

1196

October: Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Sicily, daughter of Henry II, and Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse are married

1198

Alix of France, Countess of Blois, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, dies
March 11: Marie of France, Countess of Champagne, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, dies in Champagne
June: England and France resume war

1199

April 6: Richard I dies during the siege of Chalus Castle; John Plantagenet ascends the English throne as King John
May 27: John is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
September 4: Joan Plantagenet, Countess of Toulouse, daughter of Henry II, dies in Rouen
The marriage between King John and Isabella, Countess of Gloucester is annulled

1200

May 22: The Treaty of Le Goulet is signed between England and France, in which King John is confirmed as ruler of portions of France
August 24: King John and Isabella of Angouleme are married in Angouleme
October 8: Isabella of Angouleme is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
October: King John receives the homage of William I, King of Scotland at Lincoln

Isabella of Angouleme, Queen of England, wife of King John

1201

April 10: King John permits Jews to live freely in England and Normandy

1202

April 30: In response to King John failing to answer complaints from barons in Poitou, Philip II, King of France confiscates English land in France and gives it to Arthur I, Duke of Brittany
June 16: Isabella of Angouleme inherits the county of Angouleme
July: King John rescues Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England from almost capture by Arthur I, Duke of Brittany

1203

April: Philip II, King of France seizes the Loire Valley from England

1204

April 1: Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, widow of Henry II, dies in Poitiers
June 24: Philip II, King of France seizes Rouen, ending England’s rule in Normandy

Fontrevaud Abbey, the resting place of Henry II, Eleanor of Aquitaine and Richard I

1206

June 7: England invades France to defend Aquitaine
October 26: England and France reach a two-year truce

1207

October 1: Henry Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme at Winchester Castle

1208

May 23: Pope Innocent III bans church services in England and King John confiscates all church properties

1209

January 5: Richard Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme at Winchester Castle
August: Scotland pays off England after a threatened invasion
November: Pope Innocent III excommunicates King John

1210

Joan Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme

1214

Joan Plantagenet, daughter of King John, is sent to Hugh X of Lusignan for marriage
Isabel Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme in Gloucester
February 15: King John lands in France to invade
Jul 27: French forces defeat English troops at the Battle of Bouvines
September 18: The Treaty of Chinon is signed, in which King John and Philip II, King of France agree that French gains on English land are recognized
October 31: Eleanor Plantagenet, Queen of Castile, daughter of Henry II, dies in Burgos

1215

May 3: English barons renounce their allegiance to King John and attack Northampton
May 17: The rebellious barons occupy London
June 15: The barons force King John to put the Great Seal of the Realm on civil liberties at Runnymede
June 19: The Magna Carta is confirmed
August 24: Pope Innocent III declares the Magna Carta invalid by triggering the First Barons’ War
September: The First Barons’ War begins
December: Alexander II, King of Scotland invades northern England
Eleanor Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme

1216

January: The English army sacks Berwick-on-Tweed and raids southern Scotland
February: A rebellion in East Anglia is suppressed
May 21: Louis, Count of Artois invades England in support of the barons. He is proclaimed king at St. Paul’s Cathedral.
October 18: King John dies at Newark Castle; Henry III ascends the English throne; William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke is named Regent
October 28: Henry III is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1217

May 20: England defeats France at the Battle of Lincoln
August 21: England defeats France at the Battle of Dover
August 23: England defeats France at the Battle of Sandwich
September 12: The Treaty of Kingston upon Thames ends the First Barons’ War; French and Scottish forces leave England and amnesty is granted to rebels
October 14: Isabella, Countess of Gloucester dies in Somerset
November 6: The Charter of the Forest is issued, supplementing the Magna Carta

1220

Spring: Isabella of Angouleme, widow of King John, Hugh X of Lusignan are married
May 15: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of King John, is returned to England by Hugh X of Lusignan
May 17: Henry III is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1221

June 21: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of King John, and Alexander II, King of Scotland are married at York Minster

1223

Henry III is given limited authority over governance
Eleanor of Provence is born to Ramon Berenguer V, Count of Provence and Beatrice of Savoy in Aix-en-Provence

1224

April 23: Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of King John, and William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke are married in London
May 5: War breaks out between England and France after Louis VIII, King of France attacks Poitou and Gascony

1225

The Magna Carta is confirmed by Henry III
Richard Plantagenet, son of King John, is made Earl of Cornwall

1227

January: Henry III declares himself of age to take control of his government
March: England and France make peace

1230

May 3: Henry III leads an army to France and marches on Bordeaux
October: Henry III returns to England
December 23: Berengaria of Navarre, widow of Richard I, dies in Le Mans

1235

February: Isabel Plantagenet, daughter of King John, and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor are betrothed
March 30: Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, son of King John, and Isabel Marshal are married in Buckinghamshire
July 15: Isabel Plantagenet, daughter of King John, and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor are married in Worms Cathedral
August: England and France sign a five-year truce

1236

January 14: Henry III and Eleanor of Provence are married at Canterbury Cathedral
September: Alexander II, King of Scotland and Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of King John, visit England

Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, wife of Henry III

1237

September: Alexander II, King of Scotland and Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland visit England

1238

January 7: Eleanor Plantagenet, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of King John, and Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester are married secretly at Westminster Palace
March 4: Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland dies at Havering-atte-Bower

1239

June 17: Edward Plantagenet is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence at Westminster

1240

September 29: Margaret Plantagenet is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence at Windsor Castle

1241

Eleanor of Castile is born to Ferdinand III, King of Castile and Joan, Countess of Ponthieu in Castile
December 1: Isabel Plantagenet, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of King John, dies in Apulia, Italy

1242

June 24: Beatrice Plantagenet is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence in Bordeaux

1243

September: England and France sign a truce
November 23: Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, son of King John, and Sanchia of Provence are married at Westminster Abbey

1244

August: Henry III blockades Scotland
November: The English barons refuse to pay taxes and demand administrative reforms

1245

January 16: Edmund of England is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence in London

1246

June 4: Isabella of Angouleme, widow of King John, dies at Fontevraud Abbey

1251

December 26: Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III, and Alexander III, King of Scotland are married at York Minster

Margaret Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Henry III

1253

November 25: Katherine Plantagenet is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence at Westminster

1254

Edward Plantagenet, son of Henry III, is given the earldom of Chester
April 26: Parliament refuses to grant Henry III a subsidy
November 1: Edward Plantagenet, son of Henry III, and Eleanor of Castile are married in Burgos

Eleanor of Castile, Queen of England, wife of Edward I

1255

A stillborn daughter is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester in Bordeaux

1257

January 13: Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, son of King John, is named King of the Romans
May 3: Katherine Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III, dies at Windsor Castle

1259

March: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Henry III, makes an alliance with the rebels
October 15: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Henry III, announces he supports the barons’ goals and Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester
December 4: The Treaty of Paris is signed, in which Henry III renounces his claim to Normandy to Louis IX, King of France

1260

Beatrice Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III, and Jean de Dreux are married
August 22: England and Wales reach a truce

1261

Katherine Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester
June 12: Henry III receives a papal bull releasing him from the Provisions of Oxford
July: Henry III regains control of the government

1263

January: The Provisions of Westminster is re-issued
April: Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, husband of Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of King John, seizes control of southern England after Henry III refuses to accept the Provisions of Oxford
July 16: Rebels occupy London
October 2: Henry III travels to Boulogne to broker peace with Louis IX, King of France; barons refuse to accept its terms

1264

January 23: Louis IX, King of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a settlement between Henry III and barons led by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester
February: The Second Barons’ War begins
May 12 – 14: The Battle of Lewes is fought, during which Henry III and Edward Plantagenet are captured by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester
June: Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester summons Parliament in London
August 12: Papal legate and Louis IX, King of France condemn the English rebels in the Peace of Canterbury
September 5: Katherine Plantagenet, daughter of Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, dies at Westminster

1265

January: Joanna Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester
May 28: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester escapes from captivity
June 22: Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester recognizes Llewelyn the Last’s rule over Wales
August 4: The Battle of Evesham is fought, in which Edward Plantagenet defeats Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester’s forces, killing Montfort
September 7: Joanna Plantagenet, daughter of Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester dies at Westminster

1266

June: Henry III besieges the rebels in Kenilworth Castle
July: Liverpool Castle is surrendered to Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster
July 13: John Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester
December 14: Kenilworth Castle surrenders

1267

Edmund Plantagenet, son of Henry III, is named Earl of Leicester
June: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Henry III, captures the Isle of Ely
Summer: Henry III and the rebels agree to peace terms
November 19: The Statute of Marlborough is passed, confirming the Magna Carta and the Provisions of Westminster

1268

Jean de Dreux and Beatrice Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III, inherit the earldom of Richmond
May 6: Henry Plantagenet is born to Edward, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester at Windsor Castle

1269

April 8: Edmund of England, son of Henry III, and Aveline de Forz are married
June 18: Eleanor of England is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester at Windsor Castle

1270

August 20: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester participate in the Ninth Crusade

1271

August 3: John Plantagenet, son of Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester dies at Wallingford Castle

1272

April: Joan Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester in Acre
April 2: Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, son of King John, dies at Winchester Castle
September 24: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Henry III, leaves Acre at the end of the Ninth Crusade for Sicily
November 16: Henry III dies at Westminster; Edward I ascends the English throne

1273

Edward I pays homage to Philip III, King of France
November 24: Alphonso of England is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile in Gascony

1274

August 2: Edward I returns to England for the first time since ascending the English throne
August 19: Edward I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
October 14: Henry of England, son of Edward I, dies at Guildford

1275

Eleanor, Countess of Leicester, daughter of King John, dies at Montargis Abbey
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, refuses to pay homage to Edward I; his betrothed, Eleanor de Montfort, is captured and held prisoner at Windsor Castle to force Gruffudd’s loyalty
February 26: Margaret Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Henry III, dies at Cupar Castle
March 15: Margaret of England is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile at Windsor Castle
March 24: Beatrice of England, Countess of Richmond, daughter of Henry III, dies in London
April 22: Edward I’s first Parliament meets, passing the first Statute of Westminster

1276

Edmund of England, son of Henry III, is named Earl of Lancaster
February 3: Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III, and Blanche of Artois, Queen of Navarre are married in Paris
May 1: Berengaria Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile
November: Edward I invades Wales

1277

November 9: The Treaty of Aberconwy is signed, in which Llywelyn ap Gruffudd agrees to pay homage to Edward I and Wales is divvied up between them

1278

June: Berengaria Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, dies at Westminster
November 17: All Jews in England imprisoned on suspicion of coin clipping

1279

Marguerite of France is born to Philip III, King of France and Maria of Brabant
March 11: Mary Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile at Woodstock Palace

1280

A son is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile and dies shortly after his birth

1282

March 21: Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, leads a rebellion in Wales
August 7: Elizabeth Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile in Rhuddlan Castle

1283

October 3: Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, is executed in Shrewsbury

1284

March 3: The Statute of Rhuddlan extends English law to Wales
April 25: Edward Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile in Gwynedd, Wales
August 19: Alphonso Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Edward I, dies at Windsor Castle

1285

August 15: Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, enters the Amesbury convent

1286

Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, widow of Henry III, enters the Amesbury convent
June 5: Edward I, pays homage to Philip IV, King of France

1290

April 30: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, and Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester are married at Westminster Abbey
July 8: Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, and Jean of Brabant are married at Westminster Abbey
July 18: The Edict of Expolusion is issued, expelling all the Jews from England
November 28: Eleanor of Castile, Queen of England, wife of Edward I, dies in Nottinghamshire

1291

May 10: Edward I forces the Scottish nobles to recognize his right to determine the Scottish succession
June 24: Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, widow of Henry III, dies in Amesbury
Summer: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward I, and Blanche of France are betrothed
December: Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, takes the veil at the Amesbury convent

1293

May 15: The English defeat the French at La Rochelle
September 20: Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, and Henry III, Count of Bar are married

1294

January: War breaks out between England and France when Philip IV, King of France attempts to seize Gascony from French control
May 3: Jean of Brabant and Margaret Plantagenet inherit the duchy of Brabant
August 24: The Treaty of Nuremberg is signed, in which England and the Holy Roman Empire align against France

1295

Isabelle of France is born to Philip IV, King of France and Jeanne I , Queen of Navarre in Paris
July 5: Scotland and France form the Auld Alliance against England

1296

March 30: Edward I captures Berwick-upon-Tweed
June 5: Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III, dies in Aquitaine
August 28: A Scottish assembly pays homage to Edward I at Berwick; Edward I establishes a system of English rule over Scotland

1297

January: Joan Plantagenet, Countess of Gloucester, daughter of Edward I, and Ralph de Monthermer are secretly married
January 8: Elizabeth Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, and John I, Count of Holland are married at Ipswich
February 24: A Parliament assembled at Salisbury refuses to endorse war in Gascony
August 24: Edward I leaves England for France to support an invasion of France by Flemish Count Guy of Dampierre
October 7: A truce is signed between England and France
October 10: Edward I issues the Confirmation of Charters, reconfirming the Magna Carta

1298

July 22: England defeats Scotland at the Battle of Falkirk
August 29: Eleanor Plantagenet, Countess of Bar, daughter of Edward I dies

1299

June 27: Pope Boniface VIII issues a papal bull condemning Edward I’s invasion and occupation of Scotland
September 8: Edward I and Marguerite of France are married in Canterbury

Marguerite of France, Queen of England, second wife of Edward I

1300

June 1: Thomas Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Marguerite of France in Yorkshire
October 10: Edward I makes a temporary truce with Scotland

1301

England secures control of Scotland south of the River Forth
February 7: Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward I, is made Prince of Wales
August 5: Edmund Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Marguerite of France at Woodstock

1302

January 26: Edward I and Robert I, King of Scotland make a truce
November 14: Elizabeth Plantagenet, Countess of Holland, daughter of Edward I, and Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford are married at Westminster Abbey

1303

February 24: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Roslin
May: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward I, and Isabelle of France are betrothed
May 20: The Treaty of Paris restores Gascony to England from France
Winter: Edward I resumes his campaign in Scotland

1304

March: The Scottish Parliament submits to English rule

1305

August 5: English troops capture the leader of the Scottish resistance
August 23: William Wallace, leader of the Scottish resistance, is executed in London
September: Edward I issues ordinances for the government of Scotland

1306

Eleanor Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Marguerite of France

1307

April 23: Joan Plantagenet, Countess of Gloucester, daughter of Edward I, dies in Suffolk
July 7: Edward I dies in Cumberland; Edward II ascends the English throne
July 11: Word reaches Edward II in London that Edward I died
August 6: Edward II’s friend, Piers Gaveston, is made Earl of Cornwall

1308

January 25: Edward II and Isabelle of France are married at Boulogne-sur-Mer
February 25: Edward II and Isabelle of France are crowned king and queen of England at Westminster Abbey
May 18: Edward II is forced to banish Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall by the barons

1310

March 16: Edward II agrees to an election of 21 barons as “Lord Ordainers” to reform the government
October: England raids southern Scotland

1311

Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, dies at Amesbury Abbey
August: Parliament completes the Ordinances of 1311, substituting the Lord Ordainers for Edward II as the effective government of the country

1312

Thomas Plantagenet, son of Edward I, is named Earl of Norfolk
January: Edward II moves his court to York
June 19: The execution of Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall is ordered by the rebel forces
November 13: Edward Plantagenet is born to Edward II and Isabelle of France at Windsor Castle

1313

January 13: Robert I, King of Scotland expels English troops from Perth
October: Edward II pardons rebellious barons after they apologize publicly

1314

May 4: English forces enter Scotland intending to break the Scottish siege of Sterling Castle
June 24: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Bannockburn
June 24: Philippa of Hainaut is born to William I, Count of Hainaut and Jeanne of Valois at Valenciennes

1316

May 5: Elizabeth Plantagenet, Countess of Hereford, daughter of Edward I, dies in Essex
August 15: John Plantagenet is born to Edward II and Isabelle of France at Eltham Palace

1317

February 14: Marguerite of France, Queen of England dies in Wiltshire

1318

April 8: Scotland re-takes Berwick-upon-Tweed from England
June 18: Eleanor Plantagenet is born to Edward II and Isabelle of France at Woodstock

1319

September 20: An English siege of Berwick-upon-Tweed is abandoned; Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Myton

1321

Edmund Plantagenet, son of Edward I, is made Earl of Kent
July 5: Joan Plantagenet is born to Edward II and Isabelle of France at the Tower of London

1322

March 16: Edward II defeats rebellious barons at the Battle of Boroughbridge

1323

March: Edward II makes a 15-year truce between England and Scotland

1325

Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, son of Edward I, and Margaret Wake are married
March 9: Isabelle of France, Queen of England travels to France to negotiate a truce with Charles IV, King of France
September 21: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward II, travels to France to pay homage for Gascony

1326

The betrothal of Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales and Philippa of Hainaut is arranged by Isabelle of France, Queen of England
January 8: Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Norfolk and Alice de Hales are married
September 23: Isabelle of France, Queen of England and Roger Mortimer land in Suffolk with an army
November 16: Edward II is captured at Neath Abbey

1327

January 20: Edward II abdicates at Kenilworth Castle in favor of his son, Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales
January 24: Edward II’s abdication is announced in London
January 25: Edward III is proclaimed king of England; Isabelle of France, Queen of England and Roger Mortimer are named regents
February 1: Edward III is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
March 31: Charles IV, King of France makes peace with England, returning Gascony
August 4: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Stanhope Park
September 21: Edward II dies at Berkeley Castle

1328

January 24: Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut are married at York Minster
May 1: The Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton is signed, in which England recognizes Scotland as an independent nation
July 17: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edward II, and David of Scotland are married at Berwick-upon-Tweed
September 29: Joan of Kent is born to Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, son of Edward I, and Margaret Wake, Countess of Kent at Woodstock Palace
October 6: John Plantagenet, son of Edward II, is named Earl of Cornwall

1329

June 7: David II and Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edward II, inherit the Scottish throne

1330

March 4: Philippa of Hainaut is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
March 19: Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, son of Edward I, dies at Winchester Castle
June 15: Edward Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Woodstock Palace
October 19: Edward III declares himself of age; Roger Mortimer is arrested
November 29: Roger Mortimer is executed

1332

Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, dies at the Amesbury convent
May: Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Edward II, and Reinoud II, Count of Guelders are married
June 16: Isabella Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut

1333

March 25: England defeats Scotland at the Battle of Dornock
May: David II, King of Scotland flees Scotland for France, allowing the pretender to recognize Edward III as lord of Berwick-upon-Tweed
June 8: Edward III seizes the Isle of Mann from Scottish control
July: Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Edward II, is sent to France for safety
July 19: England defeats Scotland at the Battle of Halidon Hill
August 11: England and a Scottish pretender defeat the troops of Robert I, King of Scotland at the Battle of Dupplin Moor
December 12: The Scottish pretender flees to England
December 19: Joan Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at the Tower of London

1334

Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Brabant, daughter of Edward I, dies in Belgium
February: Berwick is ceded to England
June: The southern counties of Scotland are submitted to England and Edward III is recognized as king

1335

July 30: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Boroughmuir
November 30: Scotland defeats England at the Battle Culblean

1336

English forces burn Aberdeen
April 4: Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Norfolk and Mary de Brewes are married
August: England bans wool exports to Flanders
September 13: John Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall dies in Perth

1337

February 16: William Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Hatfield
March 2: William Plantagenet, son of Edward III, dies at York Minster
March 17: Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is named Duke of Cornwall
May 24: Philip VI, King of France confiscates Gascony from English control
August: English forces relieve Stirling Castle, ending England’s campaign
October: Edward III rejects Philip VI, King of France’s claim to the French throne

1338

September 5: Louis VI, Holy Roman Emperor appoints Edward III a vicar-general of the Holy Roman Empire and supports his claim to the French throne under the Treaty of Koblenz
September 20: Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I, dies
November 29: Lionel Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut in Antwerp

1339

December 3: England aligns with Flanders against France

1340

January 25: Edward III is declared king of France
March 6: John Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut in Ghent
June 24: The French navy is defeated at the Battle of Sluys
September 25: A temporary truce between England and France is agreed upon

1341

June 5: Edmund Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut in Hertfordshire

1342

March: Blanche Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at the Tower of London and dies shortly afterwards
August 18: The English defeat the Genoese at the Battle of Best
September: John Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is named Earl of Richmond
September: The Battle of Morlaix between the French and the English is indecisive
October: England conquers most of Brittany

1343

May 12: Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is named Prince of Wales

1344

October 10: Mary Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut in Hampshire

1345

October 12: England defeats France at the Battle of Auberoche

1346

April: France invades Gascony
June 9: England defeats the Bretons at the Battle of St Pol de Leon
Summer: Thomas Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Windsor Castle
July 20: Margaret Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Windsor Castle
August 24: England defeats the French at the Battle of Blanchetaque
August 26: England defeats France at the Battle of Crecy
October 17: David II, King of Scotland is taken prisoner following the Battle of Neville’s Cross

1347

Lionel Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is betrothed to Elizabeth de Burgh and named Earl of Ulster
August 4: England captures Calais
September 28: England and France reach a temporary truce

1348

Pope Clement VI annuls the marriage of Joan of Kent, Countess of Salisbury and William Montagu, Earl of Salisbury due to her prior marriage to Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent
Spring: William Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Windsor Castle
April 23: Edward III creates the Order of the Garter
June: The Black Death reaches England
July 1: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, dies
September: Thomas and William Plantagenet, sons of Edward III, die
November: The Black Death reaches London

1350

April 8: France is defeated by England at the Battle of Talliebourg
August 29: England defeats Castile in the Battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer

1351

November 15: Isabella Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, calls of her wedding to Bernard d’Albret

1352

Lionel Plantagenet, Earl of Ulster, son of Edward III, and Elizabeth de Burgh are married
August: England defeats France at the Battle of Mauron

1355

January 7: Thomas Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Woodstock Palace
April 22: Eleanor Plantagenet, Countess of Guelders, daughter of Edward II, dies in Loremo
August: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Nesbit Moor
August 16: Philippa of Ulster is born to Lionel Plantagenet, Earl of Ulster and Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster
October 5: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward III, begins campaigns in southern France

1356

January 20: The Scottish pretender defers the kingship to Edward III
September 19: England defeats France at the Battle of Poitiers; John II, King of France is captured

1357

March 22: A two-year truce is declared between France and England
November 6: David II, King of Scotland is released from captivity and returns to Scotland; Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Edward II, decides to remain in England

1358

August 22: Isabelle of France, Queen of England dies at Castle Rising

1359

May 13: Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, and John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke are married
May 19: John Plantagenet, Earl of Richmond, son of Edward III, and Blanche of Lancaster are married at Reading Abbey
December 4: Edward III lays siege to Rouen

1360

January: Edward III marches on Paris
March 31: Philippa of Lancaster is born to John Plantagenet, Earl of Richmond and Blanche of Lancaster, Countess of Richmond at Leicester Castle
April: English forces leave Paris
May 8: The Treaty of Bretigny is signed, in which Edward III gives up his claim to the French throne and releases John II, King of France in return for French land, including Calais and Gascony
October 24: The Treaty of Bretigny is ratified, but doesn’t mention Edward III giving up his claim to the French throne

1361

July 3: Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, and Jean IV, Duke of Brittany are married
November: Lionel Plantagenet, Earl of Ulster is named Duke of Clarence
October 1: Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of Edward III, dies
October 10: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales and Joan of Kent are married at Windsor Castle
September: Mary Plantagenet, Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Edward III, dies

1362

September 7: Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland dies at Hertford Castle
November: John Plantagenet, Earl of Richmond and Blanche of Lancaster, Countess of Richmond inherit the duchy of Lancaster
November: Lionel Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is created Duke of Clarence

1363

June 29: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward III, takes control of Aquitaine
November: David II, King of Scotland reaches an agreement with English in which Edward III is named his heir

1364

March 4: Scottish Parliament rejects Edward III’s rights to the Scottish throne

1365

January 27: Edward Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales and Joan of Kent, Princess of Wales at the Chateau d’Angouleme
June 22: England and Castile form an alliance
July 27: Isabella Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, and Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy are married at Windsor Castle

1366

May 11: Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy is made Earl of Bedford
May 11: Anne of Bohemia is born to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Elizabeth of Pomerania in Prague

1367

January 6: Richard Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales and Joan of Kent, Princess of Wales in Bordeaux
February: England sides with Pedro of Castile against Henry II, King of Castile
April 3: England defeats Franco-Castilian forces at the Battle of Najera
April 15: Henry of Lancaster is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster at Bolingbroke Castle

1368

Philippa of Ulster, daughter Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March are married at Reading Abbey
January 30: Barons in English-held France object to English taxes and appeal to Charles V, King of France
June: Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and Violante Visconti are married in Milan
September 12: Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt, dies in Tutbury
October 7: Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence dies in Milan

1369

May 21: Charles V, King of France declares war on England
June 3: Edward III, claims the throne of France
August 15: Philippa of Hainaut dies at Windsor Castle
August 24: Philippa of Ulster, daughter of Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March are married
September: England raids Picardy and Normandy
November 30: Charles V, King of France seizes English land in France

1370

Jeanne of Navarre is born to Charles II, King of Navarre and Jeanne of Valois
September 19: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward III, attacks Limoges
September 20: Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, dies in Bordeaux

1371

September 21: John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, and Constance of Castile are married in Guienne

1372

February 9: John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, and Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster enter London as King and Queen of Castile
June 22: The English fleet is defeated at the Battle of La Rochelle by a Castilian-French fleet
July 11: Edmund Plantagenet, son of Edward III, and Isabella of Castile are married at Wallingford Castle
August 7: Poitiers surrenders to the French
December 1: France takes control of Poitou

1373

John Beaufort is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, Katherine Swynford in Lincolnshire
April 28: France re-captures most of Brittany
June 16: England and Portugal sign the Treaty of London
August: John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster launches an invasion of France

1374

April 11: Roger Mortimer is born to Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Philippa of Ulster, Countess of March in Usk

1375

Henry Beaufort is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, and his mistress, Katherine Swynford in Lincolnshire
The Treaty of Bruges is signed, in which England’s rule over Calais, parts of Gascony and four forts in Brittany is confirmed
July 20: Richard of York is born to Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York and Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York at Conisburgh Castle

Edward III and his eldest son, Edward, Prince of Wales

1376

Thomas Plantagenet, son of Edward III, and Eleanor de Bohun are married
April 28: The Good Parliament begins
June 7: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales makes Edward III and John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster swear to support his son, Richard Plantagenet
June 8: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales dies at Westminster
July 10: The Good Parliament is dissolved
November 30: Richard Plantagenet, son of Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, is created Prince of Wales
December 25: Richard Plantagenet is presented before Parliament by John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, who promises to uphold his right to the throne

1377

Joan Beaufort is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, Katherine Swynford
January 27: The Bad Parliament begins
February 20: Riots break out in London
March 2: The Bad Parliament is dissolved
June 21: Edward III dies at Richmond Palace; Richard II ascends the English throne
July 16: Richard II is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
Summer: The Peasant Revolt

1379

April: Isabella Plantagenet, Countess of Bedford, daughter of Edward III, dies

1380

January 16: Richard II is declared of-age by Parliament
Summer: Thomas Plantagenet, son of Edward III, leads a raid of France
July 27: Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, and Mary de Bohun are married at Arundel Castle

1381

Joan Beaufort is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, Katherine Swynford in Lincolnshire
January: Brittany surrenders to France, while England retains control of Brest
May 30: The Peasants’ Revolt breaks out
July 15: The leader of the Peasants’ Revolt is executed in front of Richard II
December: Anne of Bohemia arrives in London

1382

January 5: Philippa of Ulster, Countess of March, daughter of Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence dies in Cork, Ireland
January 14: Richard II and Anne of Bohemia are married at Westminster Abbey
January 22: Anne of Bohemia is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

1385

August 6: Edmund Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is made Duke of York and Thomas Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is made Duke of Gloucester
August 7: Joan of Kent, Princess of Wales dies at Wallingford Castle
August 31: Richard II begins an invasion of Scotland; Holyrood and Edinburgh are burned

1386

March 8: Richard II recognizes John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, as King of Castile and grants him control of all royal lands
May 9: Richard II and Juan I, King of Portugal ratify the Treaty of Windsor
August 9: Henry of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby at Monmouth Castle
October: The Wonderful Parliament is held
October 2: Jeanne of Navarre and Jean IV, Duke of Brittany are married

1387

Thomas of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby in London
February 14: Philippa of Lancaster and Juan I, King of Portugal are married at the Cathedral of Porto
November 14: The Lord Appellant raise arms against Richard II and demand the arrest of members of the royal court
December 20: The Lord Appellant defeat the army of Richard II and imprison him until he agrees to replace his councilors at court

1388

February 3: The royal court is convicted of treason by the Merciless Parliament
October 7: Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, son of Philippa of Ulster, Countess of March and Eleanor Holland are married
John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster gives up his claim to the Castilian throne; his daughter by Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster is married to the heir of Henry II, King of Castile

1389

May 3: Richard II regains control of the government
June 20: John of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby
July 18: The Truce of Lelinghem is signed, in which England and France make peace
November 9: Isabelle of Valois is born to Charles VI, King of France and Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France in Paris

1390

October 3: Humphrey of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby

1391

Joan Beaufort, daughter of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, and Robert Ferrers, Baron Boteler of Wem are married in Anjou
November 6: Edmund Mortimer is born to Roger Mortimer, Earl of March and Eleanor Holland, Countess of Holland in Westmeath

1392

Blanche of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby at Peterborough Castle

1394

June 4: Philippa of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby at Peterborough Castle; Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby dies in childbirth
June 7: Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II, dies at Sheen Palace
October 2: Richard II leads an expedition into Ireland
December 25: Richard II redefines the borders of English rule in Ireland (English Pale)

1395

May 15: Richard II leaves Ireland

1396

1397

January 8: Isabelle of Valois, wife of Richard II, is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
February 3: Joan Beaufort, Lady Boteler of Wem and Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland are married
February 10: John Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster is made Earl of Somerset
September: Parliament condemns the Lord Appellant
September 8: Thomas Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester, son of Edward III, dies in Calais
September 29: John Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, is created Marquess of Somerset
October 1: John Beaufort, Marquess of Somerset, son John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and Margaret Holland are married

1398

January 27: Parliament annuls the acts of 1388 Parliament
September 16: After stopping a duel, Richard II banishes Henry of Lancaster, Duke of Hereford and Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk

The House of Lancaster

1399

February 3: John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, dies at Leicester Castle
March 18: Richard II blocks Henry of Lancaster, Duke of Hereford from inheriting his father’s lands
June 1: Richard II travels to Ireland
July: Henry of Lancaster, Duke of Hereford returns to England and begins a military campaign to take control of Lancaster
August: Upon returning to England, Richard II is taken prisoner by the followers of Henry, Duke of Lancaster at Conway Castle
September 29: Richard II abdicates in favor of Henry, Duke of Lancaster
September 30: Parliament accepts Henry, Duke of Lancaster as the new king of England
October 13: Henry IV is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
October 15: Henry of Lancaster, son of Henry IV, is created Prince of Wales
October: Henry IV rescinds the title given to his half-brother, John Beaufort, and he is demoted to Earl of Somerset

1400

January: Henry IV quells the Epiphany Rising
February 14: Richard II is executed at Pontefract Castle
August: England occupies Edinburgh, but fail to capture Edinburgh Castle
September 16: Owain Glyndwr is proclaimed Prince of Wales and begins attacking English strongholds in northeast Wales

1401

March 7: Blanche of Lancaster, daughter of Henry IV, and Louis of Germany are married in Cologne Cathedral
October 27: Katherine of Valois is born to Charles VI, King of France and Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France in Paris
November 3: The Battle of Twthill is fought between England and Wales

1402

June 22: The Battle of Nesbit Moor is fought, in which England defeats Wales
June 22: The Battle of Bryn Glas is fought, in which Wales defeats England
August 1: Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York, son of Edward III, dies in Hertfordshire
September 14: The Battle of Humbleton Hill, in which England defeats Scotland

1403

February 7: Henry IV and Jeanne of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany are married at Winchester Castle
February 26: Jeanne of Navarre, wife of Henry IV, is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
May 10: Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster, widow of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, dies in Lincolnshire
July 21: The Battle of Shrewsbury is fought, in which Henry IV defeats English and Welsh rebels

1404

January 14: Henry IV grants Parliament the power to appoint royal councilors and hold them to account for expenditure
June 14: Owain Glyndwr declares himself Prince of Wales and allies himself with the French

1405

March 11: The Battle of Grosmont is fought, in which England defeats Wales
May 15: The English defeat the Welsh at the Battle of Usk
June 8: Richard Scrope, Archbishop of York is the first English prelate to suffer judicial execution following a failed rebellion in northern England

1406

March 30: James Stewart, heir to the Scottish throne, is captured by English pirates and brought to Henry IV
June 29: Isabelle of Valois and Charles, Duke of Orleans are married
October 26: Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of Henry IV, and Eric of Pomerania, King of Norway, Denmark and Sweden are married in Lund Cathedral

1407

October: Henry of Lancaster, Prince of Wales besieges Welsh rebels at Aberystwyth

1408

Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge, son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, and Anne Mortimer are married
February 19: The Battle of Branham Moor is fought, in which a rebellion from the Percy family is suppressed in the North
September: Henry of Lancaster, Prince of Wales retakes Aberystwyth from Owain Glyndwr

1409

Isabel of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge
January: The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English
February 28: Henry of Lancaster, Prince of Wales, son of Henry IV, is appointed Constable of Dover and Warden of the Cinque Ports.
May 22: Blanche of Lancaster, Princess of the Palatinate, daughter of Henry IV, dies in Alsace
September 9: Isabelle of Valois dies in childbirth in Blois

1410

March 16: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster dies at the Hospital of St Katherine’s by the Tower

1411

Thomas Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, is named Earl of Dorset
September 21: Richard of York is born to Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge
November 30: Henry IV dismisses Henry of Lancaster, Prince of Wales from the royal council

1412

England allies with the Armagnac party in France in return for help in regaining Aquitaine
Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence, son of Henry IV, and Margaret Holland, Countess of Somerset are married
July 9: Thomas of Lancaster, son of Henry IV, is named Duke of Clarence

1413

March 20: Henry IV dies at Westminster; Henry V ascends the English throne
April 9: Henry V is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
December: The body of Richard II is re-interred at Westminster Abbey

1414

Richard of York, son of Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York is named Earl of Cambridge
John and Humphrey of Lancaster, sons of Henry IV are named the Dukes of Bedford and Gloucester
August: Henry V claims the French throne

1415

April: Parliament approves going to war with France
May 3: Cecily Neville is born to Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland at Raby Castle
July 19: Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugal, daughter of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, dies in Sacavem
August 5: The Southampton Plot to depose Henry V is discovered and its leaders, including Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge, are arrested
August 5: Richard of York, son of Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York dies in Southampton
August 13: England launches an invasion of France
September 22: England captures Harfleur
October 25: The Battle of Agincourt is fought, in which England defeats France; Edward of York, Duke of York, son of Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York dies at Agincourt

1416

Thomas Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, is named duke of Exeter
May 1: French fleets blockade Harfleur
August 15: English forces relieve Harfleur

1417

July 23: England launches a second campaign in France
September 8: England conquers Caen

1418

February 18: England captures Falaise
July 30: The English siege of Rouen begins
August 22: The English capture Cherbourg
November 25: Henry Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset dies in Rouen

1419

January 19: Rouen falls to the English
July 30: England captures Pontoise
December 25: Philippe, Duke of Burgundy aligns with England against France

1420

May 21: Henry V and Charles VI, King of France agree to the Treaty of Troyes, in which Henry V is named the heir to the French throne
June 2: Henry V and Katherine of Valois are married at Troyes Cathedral
November 17: France surrenders Melun to England

The marriage of Henry V and Katherine of Valois at Troyes

1421

February 23: Katherine of Valois is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
March 22: Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence, son of Henry IV, dies at the Battle of Bauge
December 6: Henry of Lancaster is born to Henry V and Katherine of Valois

1422

May 2: Meaux is surrendered by France to England
August 31: Henry V dies at Vincennes; Henry VI ascends the English throne
October 21: Henry VI is declared King of France after the death of Charles VI, King of France
October 30: Charles VII, King of France declares himself king in defiance of the Treaty of Troyes

1423

England allies with Burgundy and Brittany against France
January: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and Jacqueline, Countess are Hainaut are married in secret in London
May 13: John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford and Anne of Burgundy are married at Troyes
July 31: England defeats France and Scotland at the Battle of Cravant

1424

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville are betrothed
April: James I, King of Scotland is finally ransomed from English custody. James and Joan Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset are married in London and return to Scotland.
August 17: The English defeat the French at the Battle of Verneuil
October 16: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester invades Hainaut on behalf of his wife, Jacqueline of Hainaut, Duchess of Gloucester

1425

January 18: Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, son of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March dies at Trim Castle in County Mead, Ireland
April: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV, abandons his invasion of Hainaut

1426

March 6: The English defeat the French at the Battle of St. James
May 24: Henry Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, is made a Cardinal by Pope Martin VI
December 31: Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, dies

1428

January: The marriage of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV, and Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut is annulled
January: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV, and Eleanor Cobham are married in secret

1429

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge, and Cecily Neville, daughter of Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland, are married
May 8: The English surrender Orleans to the French and Joan of Arc
June 12: The French defeat the English at the Battle of Jargeau
June 15: The French defeat the English at the Battle of Beaugency
June 18: The French defeat the English at the Battle of Patay
November 6: Henry VI is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1430

Katherine of Valois, widow of Henry V, and Owen Tudor are married
Edmund Tudor is born to Owen Tudor and Katherine of Valois at Much Hadham
January 5: Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Norway, Denmark and Sweden, daughter of Henry IV, dies
March 23: Marguerite of Anjou is born to Rene, Duke of Anjou and Isabelle of Lorraine, Duchess of Anjou in Ponte-a-Mousson
May 23: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians
June: Henry VI establishes his court in Rouen

1431

Jasper Tudor is born to Owen Tudor and Katherine of Valois at Hatfield
May 30: Joan of Arc is executed by the English in Rouen
October 2: Thomas Beaufort, Count of Perche, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset dies in Louviers
December 16: Henry VI is crowned king of France at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris

1432

November: Owen Tudor is born to Owen Tudor and Katherine of Valois at Westminster Abbey

1433

Edmund Beaufort, Count of Mortain, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, and Eleanor Beauchamp are married
April 22: John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford and Jacquetta of Luxembourg are married in Therouenne

1435

September 14: John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, son of Henry IV, dies in Rouen
September 21: The Congress of Arras concludes; England and Burgundy’s alliance is ended

1436

January 26: Henry Beaufort is born to Edmund Beaufort, Count of Mortain and Eleanor Beauchamp, Countess of Mortain
April 13: The French retake Paris from the English
December: Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford and Richard Woodville are married in Rouen

1437

January 3: Katherine of Valois, widow of Henry V, dies at Bermondsey Abbey
February 12: England captures Pontoise
June 10: Jeanne of Navarre dies in London
November 13: Henry VI comes of age and takes over control of his government

1438

John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, is released from French imprisonment
February: Joan of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York and dies young

1439

John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp are married
Edmund Beaufort is born to Edmund Beaufort, Count of Mortain and Margaret Holland, Countess of Mortain
August 10: Anne of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in London
September 13: Meaux surrenders to the French, leaving English control

1440

Elizabeth Woodville is born to Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford, widow of John, Duke of Bedford [exact date of birth unknown]
September 12: Henry VI founds Eton College
November 13: Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland, daughter of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, dies in Yorkshire

1441

February 10: Henry of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York is born at Hatfield and dies soon after
April 2: Henry VI founds King’s College, Cambridge

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of Gloucester

1442

January 19: Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of Gloucester, wife of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, is convicted of treason and witchcraft
April 28: Edward of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in Rouen

1443

John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset is named Duke of Somerset
April 23: England signs a perpetual truce with Burgundy
May 17: Edmund of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in Rouen
May 31: Margaret Beaufort is born to John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp, Duchess of Somerset at Bletsoe Castle
August: Eight thousand English troops under John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset land at Cherbourg for an ill-fated campaign

1444

April 22: Elizabeth of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in Rouen
May 22: The Treaty of Tours is signed between England and France, betrothing Henry VI and Marguerite of Anjou
May 27: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset dies in England

1445

April 23: Henry VI and Marguerite of Anjou are married at Titchfield Abbey
May 30: Marguerite of Anjou is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
July 14: Negotiations for a peace treaty between England and France begin in London
December: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is recalled from Normandy

1446

May 3: Margaret of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York at Fotheringhay Castle
June 26: Henry VI re-asserts his claim to Brittany

1447

Anne of York, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter are married
February 18: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV, is arrested for treason at Bury-St-Edmunds
February 23: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV dies
April 11: Cardinal Henry Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, dies in Winchester
July 7: William of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York and dies young
December 9: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is appointed Lieutenant of Ireland

1448

March 11: England cedes Maine to France
March 16: Negotiations over England’s claim to Brittany fall apart
October 23: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Sark
November 7: John of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York and dies young

1449

Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Devon, daughter of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset dies
March 24: England captures Fougeres in Brittany
July: Frances invades Normandy
October 21: George of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in Dublin
October 29: Rouen surrenders to the French, leaving English control

1450

January: Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and John de la Pole are betrothed
May 2: William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk is murdered following his conviction of treason and banishment
June – July: Jack Cade’s rebellion begins in Kent and Sussex
August 12: Cherbourg falls to the French, ending all English holdings in Normandy
September: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York marches to London at the head of an army against traitors

1451

Thomas of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York and dies young
February 7: John de la Pole and Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset are married
June: Henry VI cancels all land grants made under his name at the behest of Parliament
June 30: Bordeaux surrenders to the French
August 21: Bayonne surrenders to the French, ending English control of Gascony
October 2: Isabel Neville is born to Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick at Warwick Castle

1452

March 3: The royal and York armies meet at Dartford; Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York yields and his pardoned by Henry VI
October 2: Richard of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York at Fotheringhay Castle

1453

Elizabeth Woodville and John Grey are married
July 17: The Battle of Castillon is fought, in which the English are defeated by the French
August: Henry VI goes insane at his hunting lodge in Clarendon
October 13: Edward of Lancaster is born to Henry VI and Marguerite of Anjou at Westminster
October 19: The French recapture Bordeaux from the English
November: Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset is imprisoned in the Tower of London

1454

Edward and Edmund of York, sons of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York are named the Earls of March and Rutland
January: Henry VI resumes control of the government; Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset is freed from captivity
March 15: Edward of Lancaster, son of Henry VI is named Prince of Wales
March 27: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is named Protector of the Real in the stead of Henry VI
September 4: Henry Stafford is born to Humphrey, Earl of Stafford and Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Stafford
December 25: Henry VI recovers from his mental illness

1455

Thomas Grey is born to John Grey and Elizabeth Woodville, Dame Grey at Groby Old Hall
May 22: The First Battle of St. Albans is fought in which the forces of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York defeat the royal army; Henry VI is captured after the battle
May 22: Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, dies at the First Battle of St. Albans
November 1: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, son of Katherine of Valois and Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset are married
November 19: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is reinstated as Regent

1456

February 25: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is dismissed as Regent
August 17: Marguerite of Anjou moves the royal court to Coventry
November 1: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond dies at Carmarthen Castle

1457

Richard Grey is born to John Grey and Elizabeth Woodville at Groby Old Hall
January 28: Henry Tudor is born to Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond at Pembroke Castle
August 28: French raiders attacked Kent under the leadership of Pierre de Breze

1458

Elizabeth of York, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and John de la Pole are married
January 3: Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Henry Stafford are married
March 25: A formal reconciliation ceremony is held between the Lancastrians and Yorkists at St Paul’s Cathedral

1459

September 23: The Battle of Blore Heath is fought, in which the Yorkists defeat Lancaster
October 12: The Battle of Ludford Bridge is fought, in which the Lancastrians defeat York; Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York flees for Ireland
November 10: Parliament is held at Coventry and Yorkists are condemned as traitors

1460

June 26: Edward of York, Earl of March and Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick land in England and march on London
July 10: The Battle of Northampton is fought in which York defeats Lancaster; Henry VI is captured and Marguerite of Anjou Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales escape to Wales and then Scotland
October 10: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York claims the English throne
October 24: The Act of Accord is passed in which Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is named heir to Henry VI
December 30: The Battle of Wakefield is fought, in which Lancaster defeats York and Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Edmund of York, Earl of Rutland are killed

The House of York

1461

February 2: The Battle of Mortimer’s Cross is fought, in which York defeats Lancaster; Owen Tudor, widower of Katherine of Valois, is executed after the battle
February 17: The Second Battle of St. Albans is fought in which Lancaster defeats York; Henry VI is taken control of Marguerite of Anjou; John Grey, husband of Elizabeth Woodville, dies
March 4: Edward, Duke of York is declared Edward IV
March 29: The Battle of Towton is fought, in which York defeats Lancaster. Marguerite of Anjou and Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales escape to Scotland
April 25: Henry VI cedes Berwick upon Tweed to Scotland in exchange for their support
June 28: Edward IV is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
George and Richard of York, sons of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York are named the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester

1462

April: Marguerite of Anjou and Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales escape from Scotland to France
June 23: Marguerite of Anjou promises to cede Calais to France in exchange for military help
October 25: Marguerite of Anjou leads an invasion of Northumberland with the help of the French. The invasion ultimately fails and Marguerite of Anjou and Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales leave England for Scotland

1463

Elizabeth of York, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and John de la Pole are named Duke and Duchess of Suffolk
August: Marguerite of Anjou and Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales leave Scotland for France
October 8: The Truce of Hesdin is signed, in which Louis XI, King of France recognizes Edward IV as king of England

1464

May 15: Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, is executed in Hexham
June 11: England and Scotland sign a 15-year peace treaty
September: Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, Dame Grey are married in secret at Northamptonshire
September 14: Edward IV announces his marriage
October: Katherine Woodville, daughter of Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford and Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham are married

The marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville

1465

May 26: Elizabeth Woodville, wife of Edward IV, is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
July 24: Henry VI is captured by York forces and imprisoned in the Tower of London

1466

February 11: Elizabeth of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Westminster
October: Thomas Grey and Anne Holland, daughter of Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter are married at Greenwich

1467

August 11: Mary of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Windsor Castle

1468

July 3: Margaret of York, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Charles, Duke of Burgundy are married at Sluys

1469

March 20: Cecily of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Westminster
July: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and George, Duke of Clarence rebel against Edward IV
July 26: The Battle of Edgecote Moor is fought, in which Lancaster defeats York
July 29: Edward IV is arrested and imprisoned by Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick
August 12: Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers is executed by Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick at Kenilworth Castle
September: Edward IV is released

1470

March 12: The Battle of Losecoat Field is fought, in which York defeats Lancaster
September 13: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and George, Duke of Clarence rebel against Edward IV, who is forced to flee to Burgundy with Richard, Duke of Gloucester
July: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Marguerite of Anjou form an alliance against Edward IV; Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales and Anne Neville are betrothed
October 3: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick releases Henry VI and declares him king of England once more
November 2: Edward of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Westminster
December 13: Edward of Lancaster and Anne Neville are married at Angers Cathedral

Edward IV, Elizabeth Woodville and the future Edward V

1471

March 14: Edward IV lands in England with an army
April 11: London surrenders to Edward IV
April 14: The Battle of Barnet is fought, in which Edward IV defeats Lancastrian forces; Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick is killed in battle
April 14: Marguerite of Anjou lands in England with Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales and Anne Neville, Princess of Wales
May 4: The Battle of Tewkesbury is fought, in which Edward IV defeats Lancaster; Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales and Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset are killed and Marguerite of Anjou is taken prisoner
May: Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke and Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond flee England for Brittany
May 21: Henry VI is executed at the Tower of London
July 3: Richard, Duke of Gloucester is named Constable and Admirable of England with power over northern England

Beheading of Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset after the Battle of Tewkesbury

1472

Richard, Duke of Gloucester and Anne Neville, Dowager Princess of Wales are married
April 10: Margaret of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Winchester Castle
June: Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Thomas, Lord Stanley are married
November: Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, and Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter are divorced
December 11: Margaret of York, daughter of Edward IV dies

1473

August 14: Margaret of Clarence is born to George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence at Farleigh Hungerford Castle
August 17: Richard of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville in Shrewsbury

1474

Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, and Thomas St. Leger are married
May: Richard of York, son of Edward IV is named Duke of York
July: The Treaty of London is signed, in which England and Burgundy are aligned
September 5: Thomas Grey and Cecily Bonville, Lady Harington and Bonville are married

1475

Thomas Grey is named Marquess of Dorset
February 25: Edward of Clarence is born to George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville at Warwick Castle
July 4: Edward IV lands in Calais in support of Burgundy against France
August 29: The Treaty of Picquigny is signed, in which England and France make peace
November 2: Anne of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Westminster

1476

Edward of Gloucester is born to Richard, Duke of Gloucester and Anne Neville, Duchess of Gloucester at Middleham
February 1: Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, dies
December 22: Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence dies

1477

March: George of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Windsor Castle

1478

George of York, son of Edward IV is named Duke of Bedford
January 15: Richard, Duke of York, son of Edward IV and Anne de Mowbray, Countess of Norfolk are married
February 3: Edward Stafford is born to Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham and Katherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham at Brecon Castle
February 18: George, Duke of Clarence is convicted of treason against Edward IV and executed in the Tower of London

1479

March: George of York, Duke of Bedford, son of Edward IV dies at Windsor Castle
August 14: Katherine of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Eltham Palace

1480

August 1: The Treaty of Perpetual Friendship is signed between England and Burgundy
November 10: Bridget of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Eltham Palace

1482

May 23: Mary of York, daughter of Edward IV dies at Greenwich Palace
August 1: Richard, Duke of Gloucester invades Scotland and captures Edinburgh
August 24: Scotland surrenders Berwick-upon-Tweed to Richard, Duke of Gloucester

1483

April 9: Edward IV dies at Westminster; Edward V ascends the English throne and Richard, Duke of Gloucester is named Lord Protector
June 13: Richard III has William, Lord Hastings executed at the Tower of London
June 20: Parliament declares Edward V illegitimate; Richard III ascends the English throne
June 25: Anthony Woodville, Earl Rivers and Richard Grey is executed at Pontefract Castle
July 6: Richard III and Anne Neville are crowned King and Queen of England at Westminster Abbey
August: Edward V and Richard, Duke of York are last seen at the Tower of London
September 8: Edward of Gloucester, son of Richard III is made Prince of Wales at York Minster
October: A rebellion led by Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham is put down by Richard III
November 2: Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham is executed in Salisbury on the orders of Richard III

1484

Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV and Thomas, Lord Scrope are married
Anne of York, daughter of Edward IV and Thomas Howard are betrothed
April 9: Edward of Gloucester, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III dies at Middleham
September 21: The Treaty of Nottingham is signed between England and Scotland
December: Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond pledges to marry Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV

The House of Tudor

1485

The marriage of Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV and Thomas, Lord Scrope is annulled
March 16: Anne Neville dies at Westminster
August 22: The Battle of Bosworth Field is fought in which Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond defeats Richard III. Henry VII is declared king of England. Richard III is killed in battle
October 30: Henry VII is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey; Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke is made Duke of Bedford
November 7: Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford and Katherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham are married
December 16: Katherine of Aragon is born to Ferdinand II, King of Spain and Isabella of Castile, Queen of Spain in Alcala de Henares

1486

January 18: Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV are married at Westminster Abbey
April: The Stafford and Lovell rebellion is put down by Henry VII
September 20: Arthur Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Winchester

1487

Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV and John, Lord Welles are married
May 24: Lambert Simnel is crowned Edward VI in Dublin, Ireland, claiming to be Edward of Clarence
June 16: The Battle of Stoke Field is fought, in which a rebellion led by John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln and Francis, Lord Lovell is defeated by Henry VII
November: Margaret of Clarence, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence, and Sir Richard Pole are married

1488

November 25: Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

1489

February 14: The Treaty of Redon is signed, in which England allies with Brittany against France
March 26: The Treaty of Medina del Campo is signed in which England allies with Spain and Arthur Tudor, son of Henry VII and Katherine of Aragon are betrothed
November 28: Margaret Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Westminster
November 29: Arthur Tudor, son of Henry VII, is named Prince of Wales

1491

June 28: Henry Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Greenwich Palace
November: Perkin Warbeck lands in England to take the throne, claiming to be Richard, Duke of York, son of Edward IV

Henry VII, Elizabeth of York, and their children

1492

Edward of Clarence, son of George, Duke of Clarence is named Earl of Warwick
June 8: Elizabeth Woodville dies at Bermondsey Abbey
June 28: Elizabeth Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Richmond Palace
November 3: The Peace of Etaples is signed between England and France, ending French support for Perkin Warbeck

1494

May: Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor recognizes Perkin Warbeck as the rightful king of England at the behest of Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York

Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby

1495

February 4: Anne of York, daughter of Edward IV and Thomas Howard are married at Westminster Abbey
May 31: Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, daughter of Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland dies at Berkhamsted Castle
July 3: Perkin Warbeck lands at Kent, only to be rerouted to Ireland and then Scotland
September 14: Elizabeth of York, daughter of Henry VII dies at Eltham Palace
October: Katherine of York, daughter of Edward IV and William Courtenay are married
December 21: Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, son of Katherine of Valois, dies at Thornbury Castle

1496

March 5: Henry VII issues letter patent to John Cabot and his sons to discover “unknown lands”
March 18: Mary Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Sheen Palace
September 21 – 25: James IV, King of Scotland invades Northumberland in support of Perkin Warbeck

1497

May 18: Katherine Woodville, Duchess of Bedford dies
September 7: Perkin Warbeck lands at Whitesand Bay in England
September 10: Perkin Warbeck is proclaimed king of England in Bodmin, England
September 30: The Treaty of Ayton is signed between England and Scotland
October 5: Perkin Warbeck is captured at Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire

1499

February 21: Edmund Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Greenwich Palace and made Duke of Somerset
May 19: The first proxy of wedding between Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales and Katherine of Aragon is celebrated
November 23: Perkin Warbeck is executed in Tyburn
November 28: Edward of Clarence, Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of Clarence is executed at the Tower of London

1500

March 12: Reginald Pole is born to Sir Richard Pole and Margaret of Clarence, Lady Pole at Stourton Castle. He was one of five children born to the couple.
June 19: Edmund Tudor, Duke of Somerset, son of Henry VII dies

1501

Anne Boleyn is born to Thomas Boleyn and Elizabeth Howard, Lady Boleyn
September 20: Thomas Grey, Marquess of Dorset dies in London
October 2: Katherine of Aragon arrives in England
November 4: Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales and Henry VII meet Katherine of Aragon for first time
November 14: Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales and Katherine of Aragon are married at St. Paul’s Cathedral

1502

Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV, and Thomas Kyme are married
January 24: The Treaty of Perpetual Peace is signed between England and Scotland; both countries also sign a marriage agreement between Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and James IV, King of Scotland
April 2: Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VII, dies at Ludlow Castle
May 6: James Tyrell is executed for murdering Edward V and Richard, Duke of York
June 19: The Treaty of Aachen is signed between England and the Holy Roman Empire

The mourning of Elizabeth of York, Queen of England

1503

Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York dies
January 25: The proxy marriage between Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and James IV, King of England is celebrated at Richmond Palace
February 2: Katherine Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at the Tower of London
February 10: Katherine Tudor, daughter of Henry VII dies at the Tower of London
February 11: Elizabeth of York dies at the Tower of London
August 8: Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and James IV, King of Scotland are married at Holyrood Abbey
November 23: Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York dies in Flanders

1504

February 18: Henry Tudor, son of Henry VII is named Prince of Wales

1505

June 28: Marriage between Henry Tudor, Prince of Wales and Katherine of Aragon, Dowager Princess of Wales is postponed when Spain fails to pay her full dowry

1506

April 24: Edmund de la Pole, son of Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk is imprisoned as a rival claimant to the throne

1507

August 24: Cecily of York, Lady Welles, daughter of Edward IV, dies on the Isle of Wight
December 21: Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII is betrothed to Charles, Archduke of Austria

1508

Jane Seymour is born to John Seymour and Margery Wentworth Seymour
December: The League of Cambrai is formed between France and the Holy Roman Empire; the marriage of Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and Charles, Archduke of Austria is called off

1509

April 21: Henry VII dies at Richmond Palace; Henry VIII ascends the English throne
June 11: Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon are married at Greenwich Palace
June 24: Henry VIII is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
June 29: Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby dies in London

1510

January: Erasmus begins his period of residence at Cambridge University
January 31: A stillborn daughter is born to Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon
August 17: Henry VIII has two of his father’s councilors, Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, executed

1511

William Courtenay and Katherine of York, daughter of Edward IV are named the Earl and Countess of Devon
January 1: Henry Tudor, Duke of Cornwall is born to Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon at Richmond Palace
November 13: Henry VIII joins the War of the League of Cambrai against France
February 22: Henry Tudor, Duke of Cornwall, son of Henry VIII dies
November 23: Anne of York, Lady Howard, daughter of Edward IV dies

1512

Thomas Howard and Elizabeth Stafford, daughter of Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham are married
Katherine Parr is born to Thomas Parr and Maud Green, Lady Parr at Blackfriars
April 10: James Stuart is born to James IV, King of Scotland and Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland is born at Linlithgow Palace
August 10: The English fleet secures a victory at the Battle of Saint-Mathieu over the French-Breton fleet

1513

April 5: The Treaty of Mechlin is signed between Henry VIII, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, King of Aragon and Pope Leo X
April 30: Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, son of John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk and Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk, is executed
July: Scotland declares war on England, in breach of the Treaty of Perpetual Peace
August 16: The Battle of Guinegate is fought, in which England defeats France
September 9: The Battle of Flodden is fought in which England defeats Scotland and James IV, King of Scotland is killed
September 24: The city of Tournai surrenders England
November: A son is born to Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon and dies soon after

1514

April: England and France declare a truce in the War of the League of Cambria
August 6: Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland and Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus are married in Kinnoull Church
August 7: England and France conclude a peace treaty in the War of the League of Cambria
September 15: Thomas Wolsey is appointed Archbishop of York
October 9: Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and Louis XII, King of France are married at Abbeville

1515

January 8: A stillborn son is born to Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon
March 3: Mary Tudor, Queen of France and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk are married in secret at the Hotel de Clugny
September 10: Thomas Wolsey, Archbishop of York is named a Cardinal
September 22: Anne of Cleves is born to Johan III, Duke of Cleves and Maria of Julich-Berg, Duchess of Cleves in Dusseldorf
October 8: Margaret Douglas is born to Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland and Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus at Harbottle Castle
December 24: Cardinal Thomas Wolsey is named Lord Chancellor

Mary Tudor, Queen of France and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk

1516

February 18: Mary Tudor is born to Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon at Greenwich Palace

1517

Bridget of York, daughter of Edward IV dies at Dartford Priory
July 16: Frances Brandon is born to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk and Mary Tudor, Queen of France

1518

October 3: The Treaty of London is signed by England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, the Vatican, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands against the Ottoman Empire
November 10: A daughter is born to Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon who dies soon after

1519

May: Henry VIII stands as a candidate in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor. He is unsuccessful and his nephew by marriage is eventually elected Charles V.

1520

May 26 – May 31: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor visits England
June 7 – June 24: Henry VIII and Francis I, King of France meet at the Field of the Cloth of Gold

1521

May 17: Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, son of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham and Katherine Woodville, Duchess of Bucking and Bedford, is executed on the orders of Henry VIII at the Tower of London
September 25: The Treaty of Bruges is signed in which Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Cardinal Thomas Wolsey agree to declare war on France in two years

1522

June 19: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor visits England to sign the Treaty of Windsor and promising a joint invasion of France with England.
July: The English army attacks Brittany and Picardy

1523

English forces under the command of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, son of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey, attack Scotland

1524

May 25: Henry VIII and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor form in support of Charles III, Duke of Bourbon against Francis I, King of France

1525

Katherine Howard is born to Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper, Lady Howard at Lambeth
June 16: Henry Fitzroy, illegitimate son of Henry VIII and Elizabeth Blount is created Duke of Richmond and Somerset
August 14: England and France reach peace

1527

March: Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland and Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus are divorced
April 30: England and France sign the Treaty of Westminster
May 17: A secret inquiry into the legality of Henry VIII’s marriage to Katherine of Aragon is conducted by William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury
November 15: Katherine of York, Countess of Devon, daughter of Edward IV dies at Tiverton Castle

1528

January 22: Henry VIII and Francis I, King of France declare war on Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
March: Trade is suspended between England and the Netherlands, which leads to an economic downturn throughout the year
March 3: Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland and Henry Stewart, Lord Methven are married

1529

May – July: Cardinal Thomas Wolsey oversees a court in London ruling on the legality of Henry VIII’s marriage to Katherine of Aragon
October 26: Cardinal Thomas Wolsey falls from power. Thomas More succeeds him as the Lord Chancellor
November 4 – December 17: The first Parliament of the Reformation is held at Westminster

1530

November 4: Cardinal Thomas Wolsey is arrested on charges of treason

1531

February 11: Henry VIII is recognized as the Supreme Head of the Church of England

1532

May 16: Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor
June 24: Robert Dudley is born to John Dudley and Jane Guildford
September 1: Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke
November 14: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, daughter of Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and Elizabeth Howard, Countess of Wiltshire reportedly marry in a secret ceremony in Dover, England after returning from France

1533

Henry Grey, Marquess of Dorset, son of Thomas Grey, Marquess of Dorset and Margaret Wotton, Marchioness of Dorset and Frances Brandon, daughter of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk and Mary Tudor, Queen of France are married
January 25: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, daughter of Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and Elizabeth Howard, Countess of Wiltshire are married a second time in London
February 6: The Act in Restraint of Appeals declares England to be an independent empire
May 23: The marriage of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon is annulled
May 28: Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury declares the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn to be valid
June 1: Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey
June 25: Mary Tudor, Queen of France, daughter of Henry VII, dies in Suffolk
July 11: Henry VIII is excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
September 7: Elizabeth Tudor is born to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn at Greenwich Palace.

1534

January 15: The Reformation Parliament passes the Act Respecting the Oath to the Succession recognizing Anne Boleyn as queen and her children as Henry VIII’s heirs
November 3 – December 18: The Reformation Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy in which Henry VIII is declared supreme head of the Church of England
December: Anne Boleyn suffers a miscarriage

1535

February: The Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1535 is passed
June 22: Cardinal John Fisher is executed at the Tower of London
July 6: Thomas More is executed for treason at the Tower of London

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk – uncle of Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard, widower of Edward IV’s daughter, Anne of York

1536

January 7: Katherine of Aragon dies at Kimbolton Castle. She is buried at Peterborough Castle
January 29: Anne Boleyn delivers a stillborn son
April 14: An Act for the Dissolution of the Monasteries is passed, closing several religious houses throughout England
May 2: Anne Boleyn is arrested and imprisoned at the Tower of London
May 14: Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury declares the marriage of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn to be null and void
May 15: Anne Boleyn is convicted of treason, adultery and incest
May 19: Anne Boleyn is beheaded at the Tower of London
May 20: Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, daughter of John Seymour and Margery Wentworth Seymour, are betrothed
May 30: Henry VIII and Jane Seymour are married at Whitehall Palace
October 1 – December 5: The Pilgrimage a Grace, a rebellion against the religious reforms, breaks out

1537

Reginald Pole, son of Sir Richard Pole and Margaret of Clarence, Countess of Salisbury is created a Cardinal in the Catholic Church
January: Bigod’s Rebellion breaks out against Henry VIII
October 12: Edward Tudor is born to Henry VIII and Jane Seymour is born at Hampton Court Palace. He is named Prince of Wales shortly thereafter.
October 12: Jane Grey is born to Henry Grey, Marquess of Dorset and Frances Brandon, Marchioness of Dorset
October 24: Jane Seymour dies at Hampton Court Palace and is buried in St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle

1538

June 12: James V, King of England and Marie of Guise, dowager Duchess of Longueville are married by proxy
August: Geoffrey Pole, son of Sir Richard Pole and Margaret of Clarence, Countess of Salisbury is arrested for corresponding with his brother, Cardinal Reginald Pole
November: Margaret of Clarence, Countess of Salisbury is arrested over the actions of her sons, Geoffrey Pole and Cardinal Reginald Pole

1539

January 12: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Francis I, King of France sign the Treaty of Toledo, in which they agree not to make any further alliances with England
October 4: A treaty is concluded between England and Cleves in which Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves, daughter of Johan III, Duke of Cleves and Maria Julich-Berg, Duchess of Cleves, are married

1540

January 6: Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves are married at Placentia Palace
July 9: Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves are divorced
July 28: Thomas Cromwell is executed at the Tower of London
July 28: Henry VIII and Katherine Howard are married at Oatlands Palace

Margaret of Clarence, Countess of Salisbury

1541

May 27: Margaret of Clarence, Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, is executed at the Tower of London
October 18: Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland dies at Methven Castle
November 1: Henry VIII is informed of Katherine Howard’s adultery and pre-marital relationships
November 7: Katherine Howard is questioned by a delegation led by Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury
November 23: Katherine Howard is stripped of her title, queen of England and imprisoned in Middlesex
November 24: Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Henry VII and widow of James IV, King of Scotland, dies at Methven Castle
December 10: Thomas Culpeper and Francis Dereham are executed at Tyburn in relation to the charges against Katherine Howard

1542

February 7: A bill of attainder against Katherine Howard is passed by Parliament
February 13: Katherine Howard is executed at the Tower of London
August 24: The Battle of Haddon Rig is fought, in which Scotland defeats England
November 24: The Battle of Solway Moss is fought, in which England defeats Scotland
December 8: Mary Stuart is born to James V, King of Scotland Marie of Guise, Queen of Scotland at Linlithgow Palace
December 14: James V, King of Scotland dies at Linlithgow Palace; Mary Stuart ascends the Scottish throne

1543

February 11: Henry VIII and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor align against France
July 1: The Treaty of Greenwich is signed between England and Scotland, in which Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland Edward Tudor, Prince of Wales are betrothed
July 12: Henry VIII and Katherine Parr are married at Hampton Court Palace
September 9: Mary Stuart is crowned queen of Scotland at Stirling Castle
December 11: Scotland repudiates the Treaty of Greenwich; the “Rough Wooing” of Scotland begins

1544

Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox and Margaret Douglas, daughter of Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland are married
March: The Third Succession Act is passed, in which Mary and Elizabeth Tudor are reinstated into the line of succession after Edward Tudor, Prince of Wales
May 3: Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford and brother to Jane Seymour, captures Leith and Edinburgh in Scotland
July 19 – September 18: Henry VIII leads the siege of Boulogne in France

1545

February 27: The Battle of Ancrum Moor is fought, in which Scotland defeats England
May 29: Katherine Parr publishes “Prayers or Meditations”
July: France attempts to invade the Isle of Wight
July 18-19: The Battle of Solent is fought between England and France. The results are inconclusive, but the English flagship, the Mary Rose, sinks
July 21: The Battle of Bonchurch is fought, in which the English defeat the French
August 24: Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, widower of Mary Tudor, Queen of France, dies in Guildford
December 7: Henry Stuart is born to Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox and Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox at Temple Newsam

1546

June 7: The Treaty of Ardres is signed, ending the Italian Wars of the 1540s. Henry VIII swears to return Boulogne to France

1547

January 19: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, son of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and Elizabeth Stafford, Duchess of Norfolk, is executed at the Tower of London.
January 28: Henry VIII dies at the Palace of Whitehall; Edward VI ascends the English throne
January 31: Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, maternal uncle to Edward VI, is named Lord Protector of England since Edward VI is only nine years old. Seymour is created Duke of Somerset
February 20: Edward VI is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
April 4: Katherine Parr and Thomas Seymour, younger brother of Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford are married in secret
September 10: The Battle of Pinkie is fought in the English defeat the Scottish

1548

May: Elizabeth Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, is sent from the home of her stepmother, Katherine Parr due to her relationship with Thomas Seymour. It is unclear what exact turn of events occurred leading up to her removal
July 7: Scotland and France agree to a marriage alliance between Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland and Francis of Valois, the dauphin
August 7: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland sails from Scotland to France to be brought up at the French court of Henry II, King of France and Katherine de’Medici, Queen of France
August 30: Mary Seymour is born to Thomas Seymour and Katherine Parr at Sudeley Castle
September 5: Katherine Parr dies at Sudeley Castle of childbed fever

1549

January: The King’s Council arrests Thomas Seymour, younger brother of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, for embezzlement and seeking to receive the governorship of Edward VI
January 15: The Act of Uniformity is passed, imposing the Book of Common Prayer. The book is introduced to churches in June
March 20: Thomas Seymour, younger brother of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, is executed at the Tower of London
August 8: France declares war on England
August 9: England declares war on France
October 10: Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset is forced to resign the position of Lord Protector and is replaced by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick in February of the next year
October 11: Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset is arrested and brought before Edward VI to hear his charges

1550

March 24: The Treaty of Boulogne is signed between England and France. Under its terms England withdraws from Boulogne
June 4: Robert Dudley and Amy Robsart are married

1551

October 11: John Dudley, Earl of Warwick is created Duke of Northumberland

1552

January 22: Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset is executed at the Tower of London for attempting to overthrow the government of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick

1553

May 25: Jane Grey, daughter of Henry Grey, Marquess of Dorset and Frances Brandon, Marchioness of Dorset, and Guildford Dudley, son of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland are married at Durham House
June 21: Edward VI names his cousin, Jane Grey, Lady Dudley as his successor
July 6: Edward VI dies at Greenwich Palace
July 10: Jane Grey is proclaimed queen of England
July 19: Thomas White, Lord Mayor of London proclaims Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon the rightful queen. Jane Grey is imprisoned
August 3: Mary I enters London triumphantly, accompanied by her half-sister, Elizabeth Tudor
August 22: John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland is executed at the Tower of London
October 1: Mary I is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

1554

January 25: Sir Thomas Wyatt leads a rebellion against May I due to ongoing marriage negotiations between England and Spain
February 9: Wyatt’s rebellion is put down
February 12: Jane Grey, Lady Dudley is executed at the Tower of London alongside her husband, Guildford Dudley
March 18: Elizabeth Tudor, half-sister to May I, is imprisoned in the Tower of London due to suspicion over her involvement in Wyatt’s rebellion
May 22: Elizabeth Tudor is moved from the Tower of London to Woodstock Palace under house arrest
July 25: Mary I and Philip, Prince of Asturias are married at Winchester Cathedral
August 25: Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, widower of Anne of York, Lady Howard and uncle to Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard, dies at Kenninghall
Autumn: Robert Dudley is released from the Tower of London where he had been held alongside his brothers for their role in supporting Jane Grey, Lady Dudley as queen of England
November 30: England formally rejoins the Catholic Church

1555

Charles Stuart is born to Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox and Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox
February 4: The first Protestant is burned at the stake under the reign of May I
April 17: Elizabeth Tudor is called to the court of May I to attend to her in the last stages of her pregnancy, which turned out to be false
December 4: Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury is forced to step down as Archbishop; he is replaced by Cardinal Reginald Pole

1556

March 21: Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury is burned at the stake in Oxford
March 22: Cardinal Reginald Pole, son of Margaret of Clarence, Countess of Salisbury, is named Archbishop of Canterbury

1557

July 16: Anne of Cleves, former wife of Henry VIII dies at Chelsea Manor

1558

January 7: France re-conquers Calais, the last English-held foothold in France
November 17: May I dies at St. James’s Palace; Elizabeth I ascends the English throne

1559

January 15: Elizabeth I is crowned queen at Westminster Abbey
January 23: Parliament re-establishes the Protestant Church of England
July 10: Henry II, King of France dies; Francis II ascends the French throne with Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland as his consort
November 20: Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, daughter of Mary Tudor, Queen of France and mother to Jane Grey, Lady Dudley dies in London

1560

February 27: The Treaty of Berwick is signed, in which England agrees to help Scotland get rid of French troops defending the regency of Marie of Guise, Queen of Scotland on behalf of her daughter, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland
June 11: Marie of Guise, Queen of Scotland dies at Edinburgh Castle
September 8: Amy Robsart, Lady Dudley is discovered dead at her home in Oxford. The death caused a scandal given the close relationship between Elizabeth I and Amy’s husband, Robert Dudley
December 5: Francis II, King of France, husband of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, dies in Orleans, France

1561

August 19: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland departs France for Scotland

1562

September 22: Elizabeth I and Louis of Bourbon, Prince of Conde sign the Treaty of Hampton Court, in which the English promise economic aid to the French Protestants. However, once peace was restored, England refused to withdraw its troops

1563

July 28: Katherine de’Medici, Queen of France uses both English and Scottish troops to expel the English from France

1564

April 11: The Treaty of Troyes is signed, in which England receives monetary compensation for the loss of Calais
September: Robert Dudley is created Earl of Leicester

1565

July 29: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley are married at Holyrood Palace

1566

June 19: James Stuart is born to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland at Edinburgh Castle

1567

January 2: Parliament is dissolved after Elizabeth I refuses to name a successor
February 9-10: At some point in the evening, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley is found dead, apparently by smothering
April 24: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland is abducted by James Hepburn, Lord Bothwell. To what extent this was planned or an assault is unknown.
May 15: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland and James Hepburn, Lord Bothwell are married at Holyrood Palace
July 20 – 23: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland miscarries twins
July 24: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland is forced to abdicated; James VI ascends the Scottish throne
July 29: James VI is crowned king of Scotland at Stirling

1568

May 2: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland departs Scotland for England, arriving there on May 18, where she was taken into custody
September 21: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester and Lettice Knollys, Countess of Essex are secretly married

1569

May: Elizabeth I attempts to mediate the restoration of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland in return for the guarantee of Protestantism in Scotland, but a convention at Perth rejects the motion
June: Elizabeth I discovers the marriage between Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester and Lettice Knollys, Countess of Essex. Elizabeth I never accepted the marriage

1570

February 25: Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth I

1571

April: The Treason Act is passed by Parliament, which forbids criticism of the monarchy
August 29: The Ridolfi plot is discovered, in which Roberto Ridolfi, a Florentine banker and a Catholic, had schemed with Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland; Philip II, King of Spain; and Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk to assassinate Elizabeth I and replace her on the English throne with Mary Stuart
September 7: Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk is arrested for his part in the Ridolfi plot

1572

June 2: Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk is executed at the Tower of London

1573

April 17: England captures Edinburgh Castle

1574

Charles Stuart, Earl of Lennox and Elizabeth Cavendish, daughter of Elizabeth Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury are secretly married
December 12: Anne of Denmark is born to Frederick II, King of Denmark and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Gustrow, Queen of Denmark at Skanderborg Castle

1575

Arabella Stuart is born to Charles Stuart, Earl of Lennox and Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Lennox. Her grandmothers are Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox and Elizabeth Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury
November 14: Elizabeth I declines an offer to rule over the Netherlands

1576

Charles Stuart, son of Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox and Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox dies

1578

March 7: Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, daughter of Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland dies

1582

January: Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Lennox dies. Custody of her daughter, Arabella Stuart, is given to Elizabeth Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury

1583

March 10: Queen Elizabeth’s Men actors’ troupe is founded
December: A plot to invade England and replace Elizabeth I with Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland is discovered by Francis Walsingham, Secretary of State

1585

May 19: Spain seizes English ships in Spanish ports
July 7: Roanoke Colony in North America is established
August 14: England establishes a protectorate over the Netherlands
August 20: The Treaty of Nonsuch is signed, in which England promises to support the Dutch Revolt against the Hapsburgs

1586

July 1: The Treaty of Berwick is signed between England and Scotland
July 17: The Babington Plot to assassinate Elizabeth I is discovered by Francis Walsingham, Secretary of State
October 15 – 25: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland is placed on trial for her involvement in the Babington Plot

1587

February 8: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle

1588

July 28: The English fleet defeats the Spanish Armada at the Battle of Gravelines
August 19: Elizabeth I delivers a speech to the land forces at Tilbury in preparation for repelling the expected invasion of the Spanish Armada
September 4: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester dies in Oxfordshire

1589

July: The betrothal of James VI, King of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, daughter of Frederick II, King of Denmark is sealed
November 23: James VI, King of Scotland and Anne of Denmark are married in Oslo at the Bishop’s Palace

1590

May 17: Anne of Denmark is crowned queen of Scotland at the Abbey Church at Holyrood, the first Protestant coronation in Scotland

1591

August: English forces support Henry IV, King of France at the Siege of Rouen

1594

February 19: Henry Stuart is born to James VI, King of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Queen of Scotland at Stirling Castle

1595

July: Anne of Denmark, Queen of Scotland, wife of James VI, King of Scotland, suffers a miscarriage

1596

August 19: Elizabeth Stuart is born to James VI, King of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Queen of Scotland at Falkland Palace in Fife

1598

December 24: Margaret Stuart is born to James VI, King of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Queen of Scotland at Dalkeith Palace

1599

March 12: Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Spring/Summer: The Globe Theatre is built in Southwark
April 23: Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex arrives in Dublin
September 8: Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex signs a truce with one of the Irish leaders attempting to overthrow English rule. He leaves Ireland against the instruction of Elizabeth I
September 28: Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex returns to England and is arrested

1600

March: Margaret Stewart, daughter of James VI, King of Scotland, dies at Linlithgow Palace
November 19: Charles Stuart is born to James VI, King of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Queen of Scotland at Dunfermline Palace
December 23: Charles Stuart, son of James VI, King of Scotland is named Duke of Albany

1601

January 7 – 8: Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex stages a rebellion against Elizabeth I
February 25: Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex is executed at the Tower of London
November 30: Elizabeth I delivers her Golden Speech to Parliament, in which she reveals it will be her final address to Parliament

1602

January 18: Robert Stuart is born to James VI, King of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Queen of Scotland at Dunfermline Palace
May 2: Robert Stuart, son of James VI, King of Scotland is named Duke of Kintyre
May 27: Robert Stuart, son of James VI, King of Scotland dies at Dunfermline Palace

The funeral of Elizabeth I, Queen of England

The House of Stuart

1603

March 24: Elizabeth I dies at Richmond Palace; James I ascends the English throne
May 10: Anne of Denmark, wife of James I, suffers a miscarriage
July 25: James I and Anne of Denmark are crowned king and queen of England at Westminster Abbey

1604

January 14 – 16: The Hampton Court Conference is held during which work begins on the Authorized King James Version of the Bible and a revision of the Book of Common Prayer
March 19: Parliament begins debating the union of England and Scotland
August 18: The Treaty of London brings the Anglo-Spanish War to an end
October 20: James I assumes the title King of Great Britain (Note: He, and subsequent monarchs, will be referred to as the King of England on this page until 1707)

1605

April 8: Mary Stuart is born to James I and Anne of Denmark at Greenwich Palace
November 5: The Gunpowder Plot is discovered, in which the Houses of Parliament were going to be blown up and James I assassinated by Catholic Guy Fawkes.

1606

January 31: Guy Fawkes and his coconspirators are arrested
April 10: The First Charter of Virginia is adopted
April 12: The first version of the Union flag is adopted
May: Penalties are imposed for Catholics who refuse to attend Anglican services and take the Oath of Allegiance to James I
June 22: Sophia Stuart is born to James I and Anne of Denmark at Greenwich Palace
June 23: Sophia Stuart, daughter of James I dies at Greenwich Palace

1607

May 14: Jamestown, Virginia is settled
December 16: Mary Stuart, daughter of James I dies in Surrey

1609

November 25: Henrietta Maria of France is born to Henry IV, King of France and Marie de’Medici, Queen of France at the Louvre

1610

Henry Stuart, Duke of Cornwall is invested as Prince of Wales
June 22: Arabella Stuart, daughter of Charles Stuart, Earl of Lennox and Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Lennox, and William Seymour, Lord Beauchamp, grandson of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, are married in secret at Greenwich Palace
July 9: Arabella Stuart, Lady Beauchamp and William Seymour, Lord Beauchamp are imprisoned for marrying without the King’s permission

1611

June: William Seymour, Lord Beauchamp and Arabella Stuart, Lady Beauchamp attempt to escape captivity and meet up. Seymour was successful, however Arabella was apprehended and returned to the Tower of London

1612

November 6: Henry Stuart, Prince of Wales, son of James I dies. He is buried in Westminster Abbey

1613

February 14: Frederick, Elector of Palatine and Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I are married at Whitehall Palace

1614

April 5: Parliament meets for the first time since 1610 and debates taxes levied by James I

1615

September 25: Arabella Stuart, Lady Beauchamp dies at the Tower of London

1616

January 3: Sir George Villiers, a favorite of James I is named Master of the Horse
March 19: Sir Walter Raleigh is released from the Tower of London to organize an expedition to El Dorado
November 4: Charles Stuart, Duke of Albany is invested as Prince of Wales

1617

January: Sir George Villiers, the favorite of James I is named Earl of Buckingham
January: Pocahontas is received at court by James I and Anne of Denmark

1618

George Villiers, Earl of Buckingham is named Marquess of Buckingham by James I
October 29: Sir Walter Raleigh is executed at the Palace of Westminster

1619

March 2: Anne of Denmark, wife of James I dies at Hampton Court Palace

1620

April 27: A treaty with Spain arranges the marriage of Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales and Maria Anna of Spain, daughter of Philip III, King of Spain, in exchange for relaxing the laws governing Catholics in England

1621

January 16: Parliament meets for the first time since 1614

1623

May: George Villiers, Marquess of Buckingham is named Duke of Buckingham by James I
August 30: Negotiations between England and Spain over the marriage of Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales break down

1624

March 10: England declares war on Spain
June 24: Virginia becomes an English colony
December 12: A treaty with France arranges the marriage of Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales with Henrietta Maria of France, daughter of Henry IV, King of France

1625

March 27: James I dies at Theobalds House; Charles I ascends the English throne
June 13: Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France are married in Canterbury

1626

February 2: Charles I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey; Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England cannot be crowned in an Anglican service as a Catholic.
June 26: Charles I expels Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England’s French attendants from the royal court

1627

January: French ships are seized by the English in the English Channel
June 2: George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham leads an expedition to assist Protestants at the Siege of La Rochelle in France. He leaves on November 8, having lost half of his forces

1628

March 17: Charles I reconvenes Parliament
June 7: Charles I is forced to accept the Petition of Right, which lays out subjects’ liberties
August 23: George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham is assassinated by John Felton in Portsmouth

1629

March 4: Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal Charter
March 10: Charles I dissolves Parliament, beginning a personal rule
March 13: Charles Stuart, Duke of Cornwall is born to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England. He dies shortly after his birth

Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England

1630

May 29: Charles Stuart, Duke of Cornwall is born to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of England at St. James’s Palace
October 14: Sophia of the Palatinate is born to Frederick V, King of Bohemia and Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia at The Hague. She is the twelfth of thirteen children born to the couple

1631

November 4: Mary Stuart is born to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England at St. James’s Palace

1632

June 20: A royal charter for the colony of Maryland is issued

1633

October 14: James Stuart, Duke of York is born to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England at St. James’s Palace

1635

December 29: Elizabeth Stuart is born to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England at St. James’s Palace

1637

March 12: Anne Hyde is born to Edward Hyde and Frances Aylesbury Hyde at Windsor
March 17: Anne Stuart is born to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England at St. James’s Palace

1638

November 25: Katherine of Braganza is born to John IV, King of Portugal and Luisa de Guzman, Queen of Portugal in Lisbon

1639

January 26: Charles I raises an army to fight the Scottish Covenanters in the First Bishop’s War
January 29: Katherine Stuart is born stillborn to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England at St. James’s Palace
June 19: The Treaty of Berwick is signed, ending the First Bishop’s War

1640

April 13: Charles I summons the Short Parliament to fund the Second Bishop’s War against the Scottish Covenanters
May 5: The Short Parliament is dismissed
July 8: Henry Stuart is born to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England at Oatland’s Palace
August 20: The Scottish Covenanters invade Northumberland
August 28: The Battle of Newburn is fought, in which the Covenanter army defeats the English
November 3: The Long Parliament is summoned
November 5: Anne Stuart, daughter of Charles I, dies at Richmond Palace

1641

May 2: Mary Stuart, daughter of Charles I, and William of Orange are married at Whitehall Palace
May 12: Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford is executed at the Tower of London
October 23: The Irish Rebellion breaks out. Parliament votes to send an army to defeat the rebellion a few weeks later
December 1: Parliament presents the Grand Remonstrance to Charles I

1642

Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, daughter of Charles I is named Princess Royal. Mary leaves England for the Netherlands to join her husband, William of Orange
January 4: Charles I attempts to arrest five members of Parliament, but they escape. This marks the last time a monarch enters the House of Commons
February 13: The Bishops Exclusion Act is passed, in which bishops are excluded from the House of Lords
February 23 – March 11: Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England and Mary Stuart, Princess Royal leave England for The Hague
June 18: Charles I rejects the Nineteen Propositions
August 22: Charles I raises the royal battle standard over Nottingham Castle, declaring war against Parliament
September 7: The Siege of Portsmouth ends with Royalists surrendering to Parliament
September 23: The Battle of Powick Bridge is fought, in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
October 29: The royal court is established at Oxford
November 13: The Battel of Turnham Green is fought, in which the Royalist forces are defeated and fail to take London

1643

January 19: The Battle of Braddock Down is fought in the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
March 13: The First Battle of Middlewich is fought in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
March 18: The Battle of New Ross is fought between English and Irish forces
March 19: The Battle of Hopton Heath is fought, in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
May 13: The Battle of Grantham is fought, in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
May 16: The Battle of Stratton is fought in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
June 18: The Battle of Chalgrove Field is fought in the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
June 30: The Battle of Adwalton Moor is fought in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
July 5: The Battle of Lansdowne is fought in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
July 13: The Battle of Roundway Down is fought in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
July 28: The Battle of Gainsborough is fought in the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
September 20: The First Battle of Newsbury is fought in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
October 11: The Battle of Winceby is fought in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
December 13: The Battle of Alton is fought in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
December 27: The Second Battle of Middlewich is fought in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians

1644

January: Charles I opens the Oxford Parliament
January 26: The Battle of Nantwich is fought, in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
March 21: Prince Ruper of the Rhine, son of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, relieves Newark
March 29: The Battle of Cheriton is fought, in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
May 28: The Bolton Massacre occurs, led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine, son of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
June 16: Henrietta Anne Stuart is born to Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England at Bedford House in Exeter
June 29: The Battle of Cropredy Bridge is fought, in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
July 2: The Battle of Marston Moor is fought in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
July 14: Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England leaves England for France
September 2: The Second Battle of Loswithiel is fought, in which the Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians
October 27: The Second Battle of Newbury is fought, in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
December 19: Parliament passes the Self-denying Ordinance

1645

January 10: William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury is executed for treason at the Tower of London
January 29 – February 22: The Treaty of Uxbridge Armistice talks take place, but come to nothing
April 3: The House of Lords passes the Self-denying ordinance, requiring members of Parliament to resign commissions in the armed forces
June 14: The Battle of Naseby is fought in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
September 10: Prince Rupert of the Rhine, son of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, surrenders Bristol
September 24: The Battle of Rowton Heath is fought in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists

1646

January 9: The Battle of Bovey Heath is fought, in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
February 16: The Battle of Torrington is fought in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
March 2: Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales escapes from Cornwall to exile on the continent
April 27: Charles I escapes from Oxford in disguise
May 5: Charles I surrenders his forces to a Scottish army in Nottinghamshire
December 23: The Covenanters hand over custody of Charles I to the Parliamentarians

1647

January 30: Charles I is delivered by the Scottish to the English
March 14: William of Orange and Mary Stuart, Princess Royal become the Prince and Princess of Orange
May 18: The House of Commons disbands the army
June 4: Charles I is taken to Newmarket
August 2: Charles I rejects the proposals in the Heads of Proposals
August 7: Oliver Cromwell takes control of Parliament with the New Model Army
August 20: Parliament passes the Null and Void Ordinance
November 11: Charles I attempts to escape custody of the New Model Army, but is captured and imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight
December 24: Charles I rejects additional demands from Parliament
December 26: Charles I signs a secret treaty with Scotland to enforce Presbyterianism in England in exchange for military assistance

1648

January 17: The Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Addresses
May 2: Scotland votes in favor of war with England to assist Charles I
May 8: The Battle of Maidstone is fought, in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
August 17 – 19: The Battle of Preston is fought, in which the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists
September 15 – November 27: The Treaty of Newport is signed between Charles I and Parliament
December 1: Charles I is moved from the Isle of Wight to Hurst Castle
December 5: The House of Commons votes in favor of the Treaty of Newport
December 19 – 22: Charles I is moved from Hurst Castle to Windsor Castle
December 28 – 29: The Rump Parliament gives first and second readings instituting the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I

1649

January 4: The Rump Parliament sets up a High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I for treason in the name of the people of England
January 20 – 27: Charles I is tried and convicted of high treason in Westminster Hall
January 30: Charles I is executed at Banqueting House; Charles Stuart, Duke of Cornwall declares himself king of England; Parliament passes an act abolishing the monarchy
March 17: The Rump Parliament formally abolishes the monarchy and establishes the Commonwealth of England
March 19: The House of Commons abolishes the House of Lords
August 15: Oliver Cromwell lands in Dublin to begin the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
September 3 – 11: The New Model Army massacres the Irish Catholic Confederation

1650

May 1: Charles Stuart, Duke of Cornwall signs the Treaty of Breda with the Scottish Covenanters
May 26: Oliver Cromwell leaves Ireland
June 23: Charles Stuart, Duke of Cornwall arrives in Scotland and signs the Covenant
September 3: The Battle of Dunbar is fought, in which Oliver Cromwell defeats the Covenanters

1650

September 8: Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of Charles I dies at Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight
November 4: William of Orange is born to William II, Prince of Orange and Mary Stuart, Prince of Orange at The Hague
November 6: William II, Prince of Orange, husband of Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, dies at The Hague

1651

January 1: Charles II is crowned king of Scotland at Scone
September 3: The Battle of Worcester is fought in which Charles II, King of Scotland is defeated by the New Model Army
October 15 – 16: Charles II, King of Scotland departs England for France
October 28: The Tender of Union is issued by Parliament, declaring England and Scotland a single commonwealth

1652

June 30: England declares war on the Netherlands

1653

April 20: Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament
July 4 – December 12: The Barebones Parliament meets in London
December 16: The Instrument of Britain sets up the first English constitution and Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector

1654

April 5: The Treaty of Westminster ends the Anglo-Dutch War
April 12: Oliver Cromwell creates a union between England and Scotland, with Scottish representation in Parliament
September 3: The First Protectorate Parliament assembles

1655

January 22: Oliver Cromwell dissolves the First Protectorate Parliament
March 11 – March 14: A Royalist uprising is defeated
November 24: Anglican services are outlawed by Oliver Cromwell
December 4 – December 18: The Whitehall Conference is convened to debate the Resettlement of England’s Jewish population

1656

April 2: Charles II and Philip IV, King of Spain sign a treaty to reconquer England
September 17: The Second Protectorate Parliament assembles

1657

Mary Stuart, Dowager Princess of Orange and daughter of Charles I is named Regent in Holland on behalf of her son, William III, Prince of Orange
January 8: A plot to assassinate Oliver Cromwell and blow up Whitehall Palace is discovered
February 4: Oliver Cromwell gives assurances for the rights of Jewish populations to remain in England
February 23: The Humble Petition and Advice offers Oliver Cromwell the crown of England
March 13: The Treaty of Paris is signed, in which England and France form an alliance against Spain
May 8: Oliver Cromwell rejects the offer to become king of England
June 26: Oliver Cromwell is installed as Lord Protector for the second time during a ceremony at Westminster Palace

1658

February 4: Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Second Protectorate Parliament
June 14: The Battle of the Dunes is fought, in which French and English forces defeat the Spanish
September 3: Oliver Cromwell dies at Whitehall Palace; Richard Cromwell succeeds his father as Lord Protector
September 30: Sophia of the Palatinate, daughter of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, and Ernest, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg are married at Heidelburg
October 5: Mary of Modena is born to Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena and Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena at the Ducal Palace in Modena

1659

April 22: Richard Cromwell disbands Parliament
May 22: The Treaty of The Hague is signed by England, France and the Netherlands
May 13: Henry Stuart, son of Charles I, is named Duke of Gloucester
May 25: Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector
May 28: George Ludwig of Hanover is born to Ernest, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Sophia of the Palatinate, Duchess of Brunswick-Luneburg in Hanover
October 12: The Rump Parliament dismisses General-major John Lambert and other generals
October 13: John Lambert excludes the Rump Parliament from Westminster Palace
December 26: The Long Parliament reforms at Westminster Palace

1660

February 21: The Presbyterian Members of Parliament expelled in 1648 are readmitted
March 16: The Long Parliament disbands
April 4: The Declaration of Breda promises amnesty in return for the Restoration of the Monarchy
April 25: The Convention Parliament meets to debate the Restoration of the Monarchy; the House Lords meets for the first time since 1649
May 1: The Declaration of Breda is presented to Parliament
May 8: Parliament declares that Charles II has been the rightful king of England since the death of Charles I on January 30, 1649 and invites him to return to England
May 19: The restored Church of England canonizes Charles I as a martyr and a saint
May 25: Charles II lands in England
May 29: Charles II enters London and formally assumes the English throne
September 3: James Stuart, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde, are secretly married in London. At some point this year Anne Hyde converts to Catholicism
September 13: Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester, son of Charles I dies at Whitehall Palace
October 13: Ten commissioners who signed the death warrant of Charles I are hanged, drawn and quartered
October 22: Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, Duchess of York at Worcester House in London
November 22: France officially asks Charles II, King of Britain for the hand of his sister, Henrietta Anne Stuart, to marry Philippe, Duke of Orleans, younger brother of Louis XIV, King of France
December 24: Mary Stuart, Dowager Princess of Orange and daughter of Charles I dies at Whitehall Palace

1661

January: Henrietta Anne Stuart, daughter of Charles I departs England for France
January 30: The bodies of Oliver Cromwell and three of his supports are exhumed and posthumously executed
March 31: Philippe, Duke of Orleans and Henrietta Anne Stuart are married at the Palais Royale in Paris
April 23: Charles II is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey
May 4: James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, son of James Stuart, Duke of York dies at Whitehall Palace
May 8: The Cavalier Parliament meets
June 23: Charles II signs a treaty with Portugal, in which he agrees to marry Katherine of Braganza, daughter of John IV, King of Portugal

1662

February 13: Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia and daughter of James I dies in London
April 30: Mary Stuart is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, Duchess of York at St. James’s Palace
May 21: Charles II and Katherine of Braganza, daughter of John IV, King of Portugal are married at Portsmouth. The public ceremony was Protestant, while a Catholic ceremony was conducted secretly
August 23: Charles II and Katherine of Braganza arrive in London from Hampton Court Palace
August 24: The Act of Uniformity is introduced in Parliament

1663

January 10: The Royal African Company is granted a Royal Charter
February: Parliament pressures Charles II into withdrawing a proposed Declaration of Indulgence
March 24: The Province of Carolina is established in North America
July 8: A royal charter is granted to the Colony of Rhode Island and the Providence Plantations
July 12: James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, Duchess of York at St. James’s Palace

1664

March 12: The Province of New Jersey becomes an English colony
August 18: New Netherland becomes an English colony and is renamed New York

1665

February 6: Anne Stuart is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, Duchess of York at St. James’s Palace
August 2: The naval Battle of Vagen is fought, in which the Dutch defeat the English

1666

January/February: Katherine of Braganza suffers a miscarriage
June 1 – 4: The Four Days’ Battle is fought, in which the Dutch defeat the English
July 4: Charles Stuart, Duke of Kendal is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, Duchess of York at St. James’s Palace
July 25: The St. James’s Day Battle is fought, in which the English defeat the Dutch
August 9 – 10: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads an English raid on Terschelling
September 2 – 5: The Great Fire of London
September 15: Sophia Dorothea of Celle is born to George William, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Eleanore Desmier d’Olbreuse in Celle. Sophia Dorothea’s parents were not legally married at the time of her birth, though they would be in 1676

1667

May 22: Charles Stuart, Duke of Kendal, son of James Stuart, Duke of York dies at St. James’s Palace
June 20: James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, son of James Stuart, Duke of York dies at Richmond Palace
July 21: The Treaty of Breda is signed, in which the Second Anglo-Dutch War ends

1668

Katherine of Braganza suffers a miscarriage
James Stuart, Duke of York converts to Catholicism at some point this year or the next
January 28: England signs the Triple Alliance with the United Provinces and Sweden

1669

January 13: Henrietta Stuart is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, Duchess of York
June 7: Katherine of Braganza suffers a miscarriage
September 10: Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England and widow of Charles I dies at the Chateau de Colombes
November 15: Henrietta Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York dies

Henrietta Anne Stuart, Duchess of Orleans

1670

June 1: The Treaty of Dover is secretly signed between England and France, in which France was required to assist Charles II in bringing England back into the Catholic Church
June 30: Henrietta Anne Stuart, Duchess of Orleans and daughter of Charles I dies at the Chateau de Saint Cloud

1671

February 9: Katherine Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, Duchess of York is born
March 12: Anne Hyde, Duchess of York, wife of James Stuart, Duke of York, dies in London
March 13: Parliament addresses Charles II against the spread of Catholicism
December 5: Katherine Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York dies

1672

March 15: Charles II issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, suspending execution of penal laws against heretics and Catholics

1673

March 8: Charles II withdraws the Royal Declaration of Indulgence
March 29: The Test Act is passed, barring Catholics from holding public office
June 12: James Stuart, Duke of York is forced to resign as Lord High Admiral because of the Test Act
November 9: Charles II removes Anthony Ashley Cooper, earl of Shaftesbury from his position as Lord Chancellor
November 23: James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, daughter of Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena are married

1674

February 9: The Treaty of Westminster ends the Third Anglo-Dutch War
March: Mary of Modena, Duchess of York, wife of James, Duke of York, suffers a miscarriage
November 10: Under the Treaty of Westminster, the Dutch cede New Netherland to England, including its capital, New Orange, whose name reverts to New York

1675

January 10: Katherine Laura Stuart is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York
April 13: Parliament refuses to vote funds for Charles II and is suspended
October: Mary of Modena, Duchess of York gives birth to a stillborn child
October 3: Katherine Laura Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York dies

1676

August 28: Isabel Stuart is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York at St. James’s Palace

1677

November 4: William III, Prince of Orange, son of Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange and Mary Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York are married at St. James’s Palace
November 7: Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York at St. James’s Palace
December 12: Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, son of James Stuart, Duke of York dies at St. James’s Palace

1678

Elizabeth Stuart is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York. She dies immediately after birth
Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York suffers a miscarriage
September 6: The Popish Plot, a Catholic plot to assassinate Charles II is discovered.
December 3: The Test Act dictates at members of Parliament must swear an anti-Catholic oath before taking office

1679

Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York suffers a miscarriage
January 24: Charles II dismisses the Cavalier Parliament
March: James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York leave England for Belgium
March 6 – May 27: The Habeas Corpus Parliament meets
May 15: The Exclusion Bill is introduced in Parliament, with the goal of excluding James Stuart, Duke of York from the line of succession on the grounds that he’s a Catholic
July 12: The Habeas Corpus Parliament is dissolved
July 24: The Exclusion Bill Parliament is summoned and prorogued until 1680
August: Anne Stuart joins James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York in Belgium
October: James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York move to Scotland; Anne Stuart returns to England
November 17: An effigy of the Pope is burned in the streets of London

1680

Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York suffers a miscarriage
February: James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York, are recalled to London from Edinburgh
Autumn: James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York return to Edinburgh from London
October 21: The Exclusion Bill Parliament assembles
November 4: A second Exclusion Bill is proposed excluding James Stuart, Duke of York from the succession
November 15: The House of Lords rejects the Exclusion Bill
December 7: William Howard, Lord Stafford is condemned to death for his supposed involvement in the Popish Plot. He is executed at the Tower of London on December 27

1681

Mary of Modena, Duchess of York gives birth to an unnamed child that dies immediately after birth
January 18: The Exclusion Bill Parliament is dissolved
March 2: Isabel Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York dies at St. James’s Palace
March 21 – March 28: The Oxford Parliament meets and debates the Exclusion Bill; the bill is rejected by the House of Lords
July: Anne Stuart joins James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York in Edinburgh
July 2: Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury is charged with treason and imprisoned in the Tower of London, but later acquitted

1682

May: James Stuart, Duke of York; Mary of Modena, Duchess of York; and Anne Stuart return to England from Holyrood Palace in Scotland
August 16: Charlotte Maria Stuart is born to James Stuart, Duke of York and Mary of Modena, Duchess of York
October 16: Charlotte Maria Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York dies
November 20: Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury flees England for Holland after being accused of plotting against Charles II
November 22: George Ludwig of Hanover, son of Sophia of the Palatinate, Electress of Hanover and Sophia Dorothea of Celle, daughter of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg are married

1683

March 1: Caroline of Ansbach is born to John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Eleanore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach in Ansbach
June 12: The Rye House Plot to assassinate Charles II is discovered
July 21: William, Lord Russell is executed at Lincoln’s Inn Fields for his role in the Rye House Plot
July 28: Anne Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York and George of Denmark, son of Frederick III, King of Denmark are married in the Chapel Royal at St. James’s Palace
October: Mary of Modena, Duchess of York gives birth to an unnamed child that dies soon after birth
October 30: George Augustus of Hanover is born to George Ludwig of Hanover and Sophia Dorothea of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover at Herrenhausen Palace

1684

May: Mary of Modena, Duchess of York, wife of James, Duke of York, gives birth to an unnamed child that dies soon after birth
May 12: Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark, daughter of James, Duke of York, gives birth to a stillborn daughter in London

1685

February 6: Charles II dies at Whitehall Palace; James II ascends the English throne
April 23: James II and Mary of Modena are crowned king and queen of England at Westminster Abbey
May 19: The Loyal Parliament begins
June 2: Mary of Denmark is born to George of Denmark and Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark at Whitehall Palace
June 11: James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II lands at Lyme Regis to challenge James II’s claim to the throne
June 20: James Scott, Duke of Monmouth declares himself king
July 6: The Battle of Sedgemoor is fought in which James II defeats James Scott, Duke of Monmouth
July 15: James Scott, Duke of Monmouth is executed at the Tower of London
November 20: The Loyal Parliament is prorogued

1686

May 12: Anne Sophia of Denmark is born to George of Denmark and Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark at Windsor Castle
July 17: James II appoints four Catholics to the Privy Council

1687

January 21: Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark suffers a miscarriage
February 2: Anne Sophia of Denmark, daughter of Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark dies at Windsor Castle
February 6: Mary of Denmark, daughter of Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark dies at Windsor Castle
March 16: Sophia Dorothea of Hanover is born to George Ludwig of Hanover and Sophia Dorothea of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover in Hanover
April 4: James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics
October 22: Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark, daughter of James II, gives birth to a stillborn son at Whitehall Palace

Mary of Modena, Queen of England and her son, James Stuart

1688

April 16: Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark, daughter of James II, suffers a miscarriage
May 13: William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury forms the Seven Bishops during a meeting at Lambeth Palace, all of whom are opposed to the Declaration of Indulgences
May 18: The Seven Bishops present a petition to James II
June 8: The Seven Bishops are imprisoned at the Tower of London
June 10: James Stuart is born to James II and Mary of Modena at St. James’s Palace
June 29 – 30: The Seven Bishops are found not guilty
June 30: The Immortal Seven invite William III, Prince of Orange and Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, daughter of James II to depose James II
November 5: William III, Prince of Orange lands at Brixham, England
December 9: The Battle of Reading is held, in which the supporters of William III, Prince of Orange defeat those of James II
December 10: Mary of Modena and her son depart England for France
December 11: James II attempts to depart England for France, but is intercepted in Kent
December 18: William III, Prince of Orange enters London
December 22: James II successfully leaves England for France

1689

January 22: The Convention Parliament is convened to determine whether James II has left the throne. It is agreed that he did on February 8
February 13: William III and Mary II are proclaimed king and queen of England
March 12: James II lands in Kinsale with French soldiers and marches towards Dublin
April: George of Denmark is made an English citizen and made Duke of Cumberland
April 11: William III and Mary II are crowned king and queen of England at Westminster Abbey
April 18: Derry refuses to surrender to James II
May 1: The Battle of Bantry Bay is fought and French forces are able to successfully unload supplies for James II
May 12: William III joins the Grand Alliance
May 24: The Act of Toleration is passed by Parliament, protecting freedom of worship for Protestant faiths. Catholics are not included
July 24: William, Duke of Gloucester is born to George of Denmark and Anne Stuart, Princess of Denmark at Hampton Court Palace
August 1: William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury is suspended for refusing to swear allegiance to William III and Mary II
December 16: The Bill of Rights comes into affect

1690

May 20: The Act of Grace is passed, forgiving followers of James II
July 1: The Battle of the Boyne is fought, in which William III defeats James II
October 14: Mary of Cumberland is born to George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland and Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland at St. James’s Palace. She dies shortly after birth

1691

October 3: The Treaty of Limerick ends the war between James II and William III in Ireland

1692

February 19: After an argument with Mary II, Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland leaves court
April 17: George of Cumberland is born to George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland and Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland at Syon House. He dies shortly after birth
May 5: Mary II orders the imprisonment of John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough, a friend of Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland’s, for alleged support of James II
June 28: Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart is born to James II and Mary of Modena at the Chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
December 19: Ernest, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Sophia of the Palatinate, Duchess of Brunswick-Luneburg are named Elector and Electress of Hanover

Sophia Dorothea of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover, with her children, the future George II and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen of Prussia

1693

March 23: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland gives birth to a stillborn daughter at Berkeley House

1694

Following mutual infidelity and the disappearance of the lover of Sophia Dorothea of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover, the marriage between Sophia Dorothea and George Ludwig of Hanover is dissolved. Sophia Dorothea is moved to Ahlden Castle, where she remains imprisoned until her death
January 21: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland suffers a miscarriage
December 28: Mary II dies at Kensington Palace; William III begins his solo rule

1696

January 13: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland, daughter of James II, returns to court to act as consort
February 15: A Jacobite assassination plot against William III is discovered
February 17/18: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland suffers a miscarriage
September 20: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland suffers a miscarriage

1697

March 25: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland, daughter of James II, suffers a miscarriage
December: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland, daughter of James II, suffers a miscarriage

1698

September 15: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland gives birth to a stillborn son at Windsor Castle
October 11: The Treaty of the Hague is signed between England, France and Holland

1699

June 11: The Second Partition Treaty for Spain is agreed upon by England, France and Holland

1700

January 24: Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland gives birth to a stillborn son at St. James’s Palace
March 25: The Treaty of London is signed by England, France and Holland
July 30: William, Duke of Gloucester, son of Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland dies at Windsor Castle

1701

March: James II suffers a stroke while hearing mass in Paris, leaving him paralyzed
June 24: The Act of Settlement becomes law, stating that the crown of Great Britain will pass to Sophia of Palatine, Electress of Hanover after the death of Anne Stuart, Duchess of Cumberland
September 16: James II dies at the Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in Paris and is buried at the Church of the English Benedictines in Paris. His claim to the English throne was inherited by his son, James Stuart

1702

February 20: William III falls from his horse in Richmond Park
March 8: William III dies at Kensington Palace; Anne Stuart ascends the English throne
April 23: Anne Stuart is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey
May 4: England, Holland and the Holy Roman Empire declare war on France
December 14: John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough is created Duke of Marlborough

1705

August 22: George Augustus of Hanover and Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach are married at Herrenhausen in Hanover
September 25: Queen Anne appoints commissioners to negotiate a political union with Scotland
December: The Sophia Naturalization Act is passed by Parliament, which makes Sophia of the Palatinate, Electress of Hanover and her heirs naturalized British citizens
December 31: Katherine of Braganza and widow of Charles II dies in Lisbon

1706

February: The Regency Act requires senior officers of the state to proclaim Queen Anne’s heir the next Protestant in the line of the succession
July 22: The Treaty of Union merges England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain, going into effect the next year
November 28: Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, daughter of George Ludwig, Elector of Hanover and Frederick William, Crown Prince of Prussia re married

1707

January 16: The Parliament of Scotland passes the Union with England Act
February 1: Frederick of Hanover is born to George Augustus of Hanover and Caroline of Ansbach, Electoral Princess of Hanover at Harrenhausen in Hanover
March 19: The Act of Union with Scotland is ratified by the English Parliament
May 1: England and Scotland are legally merged into Great Britain

1708

February 13: Queen Anne refuses to approve the Scottish Militia Bill, signifying the last time a British monarch does so
March 23: James Stuart, son of James II unsuccessfully tries to land in England with French troops
May 1: The privy councils of England and Scotland are merged into the Privy Council of Great Britain
October 28: George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, husband of Queen Anne, dies at Kensington Palace

1709

November 2: Anne of Hanover is born to George Augustus of Hanover and Caroline of Ansbach, Electoral Princess of Hanover at Herrenhausen in Hanover

1711

June 10: Amelia of Hanover is born to George Augustus of Hanover and Caroline of Ansbach, Electoral Princess of Hanover, at Herrenhausen in Hanover
December 31: John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough is replaced by James Butler, Duke of Ormonde as Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in the War of the Spanish Succession

Sarah Jennings Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough

1712

January 17: Robert Walpole is imprisoned in the Tower of London following charges of corruption
April 18: Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart, daughter of James II dies at the Chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in Paris

1713

February 25: Frederick William, Crown Prince of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Crown Princess of Prussia ascend the Prussian throne
March 27: The First Treaty of Utrecht is signed between Great Britain and Spain
April 11: The Second Treaty of Utrecht is signed between Great Britain and France ending the War of the Spanish Succession
June 10: Caroline of Hanover is born to George Augustus of Hanover and Caroline of Ansbach, Electoral Princess of Hanover at Herrenhausen in Hanover

The House of Hanover

1714

May 19: Queen Anne refuses to let members of the House of Hanover to reside in England during her lifetime
June 8: Sophia of the Palatinate, Electress of Hanover, daughter of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia dies at Herrenhausen in Hanover
August 1: Queen Anne dies at Kensington Palace; George I ascends the British throne
September 18: George I arrives in England for the first time
October 20: George I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey. Later on, George Augustus of Hanover and Caroline of Ansbach, Electoral Princess of Hanover are made Prince and Princess of Wales

1715

July 12: The Habeas Corpus Act is suspended due to fear over a Jacobean rebellion
November 13: The Battle of Sheriffmuir is fought, in which British forces suppress the Jacobean forces
November 15: The Third Barrier Treaty is signed between Great Britain, the Holy Roman Empire and Holland
December 22: James Stuart, son of James II joins the Jacobite rebels, but fails to inspire an army

1716

George I visits Hanover
February 10: James Stuart, son of James II returns to France
July 5: Ernest Augustus of Hanover, younger brother of George I is named Duke of York and Albany
November 20: Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales gives birth to a stillborn son
December 24: The Triple Alliance is signed by Great Britain, France and Holland to uphold the 1713 Treaty of Utretcht

1717

January 4: The Triple Alliance is again signed by Great Britain, France and Holland. Due to this treaty, James Stuart, son of James II is forced to leave France and seek refuge with the Pope in Rome
November 13: George William of Wales is born to George Augustus, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales at St. James’s Palace. Following this birth, a rift is formed between George I and his son, George Augustus

1718

February: Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales suffers a miscarriage
February 17: George William of Wales, son of George Augustus, Prince of Wales dies at Kensington Palace
May 7: Mary of Modena, widow of James II, dies at the Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in Paris
August 2: The Quadruple Alliance is formed between Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman Empire and Holland
December 17: The Quadruple Alliance declares war on Spain

1719

George I visits Hanover
April 28: A Peerage Bill to prevent the creation of peers in the House of Lords is defeated in the House of Commons
September 3: James Stuart, son of James II and Maria Clementina Sobieska, granddaughter of John III, King of Poland are married in Montefiascone, Italy

1720

George I visits Hanover
February 17: The Treaty of the Hague ends the War of the Quadruple Alliance
December 31: Charles Stuart is born to James Stuart and Maria Clementina Sobieska Stuart in Rome

1721

March 9: John Aislabie is found guilty of corruption because of the collapse of the South Sea Company
April 4: Robert Walpole is named the first Prime Minister
April 26: William of Wales is born to George Augustus, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales at Leicester House

1722

August 24: Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester is arrested for supporting James Stuart, son of James II
October 17: The Habeas Corpus Act is suspended following the discovery of the Atterbury Plot

1723

George I visits Hanover
March 5: Mary of Wales is born to George Augustus, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales at Leicester House

1724

December 18: Louisa of Wales is born to George Augustus, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales at Leicester House

George Augustus, Caroline and their children

1725

George I visits Hanover
March 6: Henry Stuart is born to James Stuart and Maria Clementina Sobieska Stuart in Rome
May 18: George I establishes the Order of the Bath
September 3: The Treaty of Hanover is signed by Great Britain, France and Prussia

1726

July 27: William of Wales, son of George Augustus, Prince of Wales, is created Duke of Cumberland
November 13: Sophia Dorothea of Celle, former wife of George I dies at Ahlden Castle in Germany. Because their marriage was legally ended, she was never titled queen of England

1727

June 11: George I dies en-route to Hanover; George II ascends the British throne
August 30: Anne of Great Britain, daughter of George II, is named Princess Royal
October 11: George II and Caroline of Ansbach are crowned king and queen of Great Britain at Westminster Abbey

1728

Frederick of Hanover, son of George II, arrives in England for the first time

1729

January 8: Frederick of Hanover, son of George II, is created Prince of Wales
November 9: The Treaty of Seville is signed between Great Britain, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic

1731

March 16: The Treaty of Vienna is signed between Great Britain, the Holy Roman Empire, Holland and Spain

1734

March 25: Anne of Great Britain, daughter of George II and William IV, Prine of Orange are married at St. James’s Palace

1735

September 22: Robert Walpole, Prime Minster of Great Britain, moves to 10 Downing Street

1736

April 27: Frederick of Great Britain, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg are married at St. James’s Palace
May: George II visits Hanover
May 18: Witchcraft laws are repealed
July 27: Riots in London are held protesting the influx of Irish immigrants providing cheap labor

1737

January: George II returns to England
July 31: Augusta of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at St. James’s Palace
October 10: George II expels Frederick, Prince of Wales from the royal court for criticizing his government
November 20: Caroline of Ansbach, wife of George II, dies at St. James’s Palace

1738

March 28: Robert Jenkins presents a human ear he claims was cut off by a Spanish captain in the Caribbean to Parliament
June 4: George of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at Norfolk House in London

Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales

1739

January 14: The Convention of Pardo is signed between Great Britain and Spain
March 35: Edward of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at Norfolk House in London
October 23: Great Britain declares war on Spain, beginning the War of Jenkins’ Ear

1740

June 28: Mary of Great Britain, daughter of George II and Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel are married in Kassel

1741

January 10: Elizabeth of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at Norfolk House in London

1742

February 11: Robert Walpole steps down as Prime Minister is succeeded by Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington

1743

June 16: The Battle of Dettingen is fought in Bavaria, in which George II leads the troops from Great Britain and Brunswick against the French. This battle marks the last time an English monarch participates in a battle
August 27: Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington dies in office as Prime Minister and is succeeded by Henry Pelham
September 13: The Treaty of Worms is signed between Great Britain, the Holy Roman Empire and Sardinia
October 25: France and Spain form the Alliance of Fontainebleau with the goal of capturing Gibraltar from Great Britain
November 25: William of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at Leicester House in London
December 11: Louisa of Great Britain, daughter of George II and Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark and Norway in Copenhagen

1744

March 4 – 15: France declares war on Great Britain
December 28: Great Britain, Austria, Saxony-Poland and the United Netherlands form the Quadruple Alliance against Prussia

1745

April 30 – May 11: British forces are defeated at the Battle of Fontenoy
June 16: Great Britain capture Cape Breton Island from France
July 23: Charles Stuart, grandson of James II lands in Scotland
August 15 – August 26: During the Convention of Hanover, George II makes peace with Prussia and ends support for Austria
August 16: Charles Stuart defeats British forces at Highbridge Skirmish
September 11: Charles Stuart enters Edinburgh
September 17: Charles Stuart declares his father, James Stuart, James VIII, King of Scotland
September 21: The Battle of Prestonpans is fought, in which the Jacobites defeat British forces
November 7: Henry of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at Leicester House in London
November 13 – November 15: The Jacobites besiege and capture Carlisle
December: Jacobite forces surrender to William, Duke of Cumberland
December 4: Jacobite forces reach Derby
December 6: Jacobite forces reatreat to Scotland
December 23: The Battle of Inverurie is fought, in wich Jacobite forces deafeat the British

1746

January 8: Charles Stuart and his forces reaches Stirling
January 17: The Battle of Falkirk is fought, in which British forces defeat Jacobite forces
April 16: The Battle of Culloden is fought, in which Jacobite forces are defeated by the British
June 27: Charles Stuart escapes to the Isle of Skye
August 6: Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark and Norway and Louisa of Great Britain, Crown Princess of Denmark and Norway and daughter of George II, ascend the Danish and Norwegian thrones
September 30: Charles Stuart escapes to France

Louise of Great Britain, Queen of Denmark and Norway

1747

April 9: Simon Fraser, a Jacobite supporter, is executed at the Tower of London. His beheading would be the last in Great Britain
May 14: The First Battle of Cape Finisterre is fought, in which Great Britain defeats France
June: Great Britain forms an alliance with Russia
October 25: The Second Battle of Cape Finisterre is fought, which Great Britain ends French naval operations for the remainder of the War of Austrian Succession

Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales with their children

1748

October 18: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession

1749

March 19: Louisa of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at Leicester House in London

1750

May 13: Frederick of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at Leicester House in London

1751

March 31: Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of George II dies in Buckinghamshire; George of Wales becomes the new Duke of Cornwall
July 22: Caroline Matilda of Wales is born to Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales at Leicester House in London
December 19: Louisa of Great Britain, Queen of Denmark and Norway and daughter of George II dies at Christianborg Palace in Copenhagen

1753

July 7: George II approves the Jewish Naturalization Act, but its lack of popularity leads to its repeal in the following year

1754

Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Mary of Great Britain, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel and daughter of George II separate, ostensibly because of Frederick’s conversion to Catholicism
March 6: Henry Pelham, Prime Minister, dies in office and is succeeded by his brother, Thomas Pelham-Holles

1756

Mary of Great Britain, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel and daughter of George II moves to Denmark to care for the children of her sister, Louisa of Great Britain, Queen of Denmark
January 16: The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, in which it’s decided that Hanover will remain neutral
April 12: France invades the British-owned Minorca
May 17: Great Britain declares war on France
May 20: The Battle of Minorca is fought, in which France defeats Great Britain
June 29: The British garrison in Minorca surrenders to France
November 16: Thomas Pelham-Holles resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire

1757

June 28: Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen of Prussia, daughter of George I, dies at Monbijou Palace in Berlin
July 26: The Battle of Fort William Henry is fought, in which the British defeat the French
December 28: Caroline of Great Britain, daughter of George II dies at St. James’s Palace

1758

April 29: The Battle of Cuddalore is fought indecisively between Great Britain and France
June 23: The Battle of Krefeld is fought in which Anglo-Hanoverian forces defeat the French

1759

January 12: Anne of Great Britain, Princess of Orange, daughter of George II, dies at The Hague
May 1: British forces capture Guadeloupe from the French
August 1: The Battle of Minden is fought, in which British-Hanoverian forces defeat French forces
August 18: The Battle of Lago is fought, in which British forces defeat French forces
September 4: Elizabeth of Wales, daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales, dies at Kew Palace

1760

April 1: Edward of Wales, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, is made Duke of York
October 25: George II dies at Kensington Palace; George III ascends the throne

1761

August 15: The Pacte de Familile is signed, in which France and Spain form an alliance against Great Britain
September 8: George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, daughter of Charles, Duke of Mecklenburg, are married at St. James’s Palace
September 22: George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned king and queen of Great Britain at Westminster Abbey

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of England

1762

March 10: Great Britain captures Grenada from France
May: Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by John Stuart, Earl of Bute
May 22: George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz take up residence of Buckingham House in London
August 12: George, Duke of Cornwall is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at St. James’s Palace
August 19: George, Duke of Cornwall is named Prince of Wales by his father, George III

1763

February 10: The Treaty of Paris is signed between Great Britain and France, and Canada is ceded to the British
May: John Stuart, Earl of Bute resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by George Grenville
August 16: Frederick of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at St. James’s Palace

1764

January 16: Augusta of Wales, daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Charles, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel are married at St. James’s Palace
April 5: Parliament passes the Sugar Act
August: Protests break out in Boston over Great Britain’s governance of the North American colonies
November 19: William of Wales, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, is made Duke of Gloucester

1765

March 22: Parliament passes the Stamp Act
March 24: Parliament passes the Quartering Act
June 20: William of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London
July 12: George III dismisses George Grenville as Prime Minister
July 13: Charles Watson-Wentworth assumes the office of Prime Minister
October 31: William, Duke of Cumberland, son of George II, dies in London
December 29: Frederick of Wales, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales dies at Leicester House in London

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of England with her eldest daughter, Princess Charlotte

1766

January 1: James Stuart, son of James II, dies in Rome
February: Parliament repeals the Stamp Act
March 18: The Declaratory Act supports the right of Great Britain to govern its colonies
July 30: George III dismisses Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham as Prime Minister. William Pitt the Elder succeeds Rockingham in office
September 6: William, Duke of Gloucester and Maria Walpole, Countess of Waldegrave are secretly married in Pall Mall, London
September 29: Charlotte of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are born in Buckingham House in London
November 8: Christian VII, King of Denmark, son of Louisa of Great Britain, and Caroline Matilda of Wales, daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales, are married at Christianborg Palace in Copenhagen

1767

June 9: The Townshend Acts are passed by Parliament
September 17: Edward, Duke of York, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales dies at the Prince’s Palace in Monaco-Ville
November 2: Edward of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London

1768

May 13: Louisa of Wales, daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales dies at Carlton House in London
May 17: Caroline of Brunswick is born to Charles, Duke of Brunswick and Augusta of Wales, Duchess of Brunswick in Brunswick
October 14: William Pitt, Earl of Chatham resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by Augustus FitzRoy, Duke of Grafton
November 8: Augusta of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London

1770

January 17: The Battle of Golden Hill is fought between the British and their colonists in New York
January 28: Augustus FitzRoy, Duke of Grafton resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by Frederick, Lord North
March 5: The Boston Massacre takes place, in which five colonists are killed by British soldiers
April 12: Parliament repeals the Townshend Act

1771

January 22: Spain cedes the Falkland Islands to Great Britain
June 5: Ernest of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London
October 2: Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Anne Horton are married without the permission of George III

1772

January 14: Mary of Great Britain, Land Gravine of Hesse-Kassel, daughter of George II, dies in Hanau
February 8: Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales, widow of Frederick, Prince of Wales dies at Carlton House in London
March 24: The Royal Marriages Act is passed, requiring the monarch’s consent for members of the royal family
April: The marriage of Christian VII, King of Denmark and Caroline Matilda of Wales, Queen of Denmark is dissolved on the grounds of Caroline Matilda’s adultery
April 14: Charles Stuart, grandson of James II and Louise of Stolberg-Gedern are married in Macerata, Italy
May 28: Caroline Matilda of Wales, Queen of Denmark is deported from Denmark to Celle, Hanover

1773

January 27: Augustus of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London
May: Parliament passes the Regulating Act
May 10: The Tea Act goes into effect
December 16: The Boston Tea Party is held in the Boston Harbor

1774

February 24: Adolphus of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London
March 31: The Boston Port is closed
June 2: The Quartering Act is re-enacted in the colonies

Caroline Matilda of Wales, Queen of Denmark

1775

February 9: Parliament declares the colony of Massachusetts in rebellion
April 19: The Battle of Lexington and Concord is fought, in which the colonists defeat the British
May 10: Caroline Matilda of Wales, Queen of Denmark and daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales dies in Celle, Hanover
July 5: The Continental Congress sends the Olive Branch Petition to George III
August 23: George III issues a Proclamation of Rebellion against the colonies

1776

April 25: Mary of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London
May 4: Rhode Island renounces its allegiance to George III
July 4: The United States Declaration of Independence is ratified by the Second Continental Congress

1777

November 3: Sophia of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London

1778

February 6: Great Britain declares war on France for providing military assistance to the colonists
June 16: Spain declares war on Great Britain
July 10: France declares war on Great Britain

The three youngest daughters of George III

1779

February 23: Octavius of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Buckingham House in London
April 12: France and Spain sign a secret treaty against Great Britain
June 16: Spain declares war on Great Britain

1780

June 2: The Gordon Riots, an Anti-Catholic mob that marches on Parliament, begin in London
September 22: Alfred of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Windsor Castle

1781

October 19: The British forces surrender to the North American colonists after the Battle of Yorktown

1782

March 19: Frederick, Lord North resigns as Prime Minister
March 27: Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham is named Prime Minister
May 17: Parliament repeals the Dependency of Ireland on Great Britain Act of 1719, restoring the Irish Parliament’s legislative independence
July 4: Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham steps down as Prime Minister and is succeeded by William Petty, Earl of Shelburne
August 20: Alfred of Great Britain, son of George III, dies at Windsor Castle
November 30: The Treaty of Paris is signed by representatives from the United States and Great Britain

1783

February 4: Great Britain declares that it will cease hostilities with the United States
February 24: William Petty, Earl of Shelburne steps down as Prime Minister and is succeeded by William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland
May 3: Octavius of Great Britain, son of George III, dies at Kew Palace
August 7: Amelia of Great Britain is born to George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at the Royal Lodge in Windsor
September 3: The Peace of Paris is signed by Great Britain and the United States, formally ending the American Revolutionary War. Treaties are signed between Great Britain, France and Spain at Versailles to end hostilities
November 25: The last British troops leave New York City
December 17: George III dismisses the Fox-North Coalition
December 19: William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland steps down as Prime Minister and is succeeded by William Pitt the Younger

1784

May 20: A treaty between Great Britain and the Dutch Republic is signed in Paris ending the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
August 13: Parliament passes the India Act, regulating the East India Company
November 27: Frederick of Great Britain, son of George III, is made Duke of York

1785

December 15: George, Prince of Wales, son of George III and Maria Fitzherbert, daughter of William Smythe, are secretly married in London

1786

October 31: Amelia of Great Britain, daughter of George II, dies in London

1788

January 31: Charles Stuart, grandson of James II, dies in Rome
August 13: A Triple Alliance is formed between Great Britain, Prussia and the Dutch Republic
August 22: Great Britain signs a treaty with Sierra Leon, allowing for the creation of a settlement for freed slaves
October: George III has his first prolonged bout of mental illness

1789

February 3: William Pitt the Younger, the Prime Minister, introduces a Regency Bill for George, Prince of Wales to act as a regent for George III while he remained unwell. George III recovers later in the month, before the bill becomes law
April: Privy Council releases a report on the slave trade
May 16: William of Great Britain, son of George III, is named Duke of Clarence

1790

July 27: The Treaty of Reichenbach is signed between Great Britain, Prussia, Russia and the Dutch Republic
September 18: Henry, Duke of Cumberland, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales dies in London

1791

September 29: Frederick, Duke of York, son of George III, and Frederica of Prussia, daughter of Frederick William II, King of Prussia are married at Charlottenburg in Berlin
November 23: Frederick, Duke of York and Frederica of Prussia, Duchess of York are married a second time at Buckingham Palace

1792

March 7: A freed slave settlement is formally set up in Sierra Leone
August 13: Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen is born to George, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Luise Eleanore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen in Meiningen
December 18: Thomas Paine is convicted of treason in absentia and he is outlawed

1793

February1: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain
April 4: Augustus of Great Britain, son of George III, and Augusta Murray are married in Rome
September 18: British troops supporting the French Royalists are forced to withdraw from Toulon after a successful siege by Napoleon
December 5: Augustus of Great Britain and Augusta Murray, Princess Augustus are married a second time at St. George’s, Hanover Square in London

1794

April 19: Great Britain forms an alliance with Prussia and the Netherlands against France
June 23: Maria Fitzherbert, illegal wife of George, Prince of Wales is informed by letter that her relationship with the prince is over
August: The Prerogative Court annuls the marriage of Augustus, son of George III, and Augusta Murray, Princess Augustus because it violated the Royal Marriages Act of 1772. The couple had two children and continued to live together until 1801
September 28: Great Britain forms an alliance with Russia and Austria against France
November 19: Great Britain and the United States sign Jay’s Treaty

Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales

1795

January 18: William V, Prince of Orange flees the Dutch Republic for exile in Great Britain
April 8: George, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Brunswick, daughter of Augusta of Wales, Duchess of Brunswick, are married at St. James’s Palace in London
September – October: Bread riots break out across England
September 16: Great Britain captures Cape Town from the Netherlands

1796

January 7: Charlotte of Wales is born to George, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales at Carlton House in London
February 1: Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, is hit by a stone from the bread riots
April: George, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales separate informally
October 5: Spain declares war on Great Britain

1797

February 14: The Battle of Cape St. Vincent is fought, in which the British navy defeats the Spanish navy off the coast of Portugal
February 22: French forces land in Wales
February 24: American Colonel William Tate surrenders to the British
May 18: Charlotte of Great Britain, daughter of George III, and Frederick of Wurttemberg, son of Frederick II, Duke of Wurttemberg are married at St. James’s Palace
August: Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales and wife of George, Prince of Wales moves to a private residence
December 22: Frederick of Wurttemberg and Charlotte of Great Britain, Princess of Wurttemberg succeed as Duke and Duchess of Wurttemberg

1798

December 4: William Pitt the Younger, Prime Minister of Great Britain, announces income tax in Parliament to fund wars against France

1799

April 24: Edward of Great Britain and Ernest of Great Britain, sons of George III, are made the Dukes of Kent and Cumberland

1800

July 2 & August 1: The Acts of Union merge Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom, effective January 1, 1801
December: Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz introduces the concept of a Christmas tree at Windsor Castle

1801

February 2: The Parliament of the United Kingdom meets for the first time
February 5: William Pitt the Younger resigns as Prime Minister of Great Britain and begins the new post of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
March 1: The London Stock Exchange is founded
March 14: William Pitt the Younger resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Henry Addington, Lord Sidmouth on March 17
March 21: The Battle of Alexandria is fought, in which the British defeat the French
June 18: The British take over Cairo
July 6: The Battle of Algeciras is fought, in which the French defeat the British
July 12: The Second Battle of Algeciras is fought, in which the British defeat the French and the Spanish
September 30: The Treaty of London is signed between the First French Republic and the United Kingdom
November 27: Augustus and Adolphus of Great Britain, sons of George III, are made the Dukes of Sussex and Cambridge

1802

March 27: The Treaty of Amiens is signed between the United Kingdom and France

1803

February 21: The last sentence of being hanged, drawn and quartered is meted out to Edward Despard for plotting to assassinate George III
April 2: The Easton Massacre occurs, in which three citizens are killed during an attempt to compel village members into military service
May 18: The United Kingdom declares war on France after France fails to withdraw from Dutch territories
September 26: Henry Stuart, grandson of James II, is appointed Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri

1804

April 26: Henry Addington, Lord Sidmouth resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
May 10: William Pitt the Younger succeeds as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
December 12: Spain declares war on the United Kingdom

1805

August 25: William, Duke of Gloucester, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, dies at Gloucester House
October 21: The Battle of Trafalgar is fought, in which Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats French and Spanish fleets off the coast of Spain and is fatally wounded

1806

The Delicate Investigation, a commission to investigate whether William Austin, a boy in the household of Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales, was her illegitimate son, begins. The investigation rules that Austin is not Caroline’s son, however during its duration she was barred from seeing her daughter, Charlotte of Wales
January 1: France recognizes Frederick, Duke of Wurttemberg and Charlotte of the United Kingdom, Duchess of Wurttemberg, and daughter of George III, as king and queen of Wurttemberg
January 10: The Dutch in Cape Town resign to the British
January 19: The British take over the Cape of Good Hope
January 23: William Pitt the Younger dies in office and is succeeded as Prime Minister by William, Lord Grenville
November: Napoleon declares a Continental Blockade against the United Kingdom

1807

March 25: The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing slavery in the majority of the British Empire
March 31: William, Lord Grenville resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland
July 13: Cardinal Henry Stuart, Bishop of Ostia and Velletri and grandson of James II dies in Rome ending the Jacobite line
September: Russia declares war on the United Kingdom

1808

January 1: Sierra Leone becomes a British Colony

1809

January 5: The Treaty of Dardanelles is signed between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire
October 4: William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by Spencer Perceval

1810

October: George III is officially recognized to be insane
November 2: Amelia of the United Kingdom, daughter of George III, dies at the Augusta Lodge in Windsor
November 17: Sweden declares war on the United Kingdom

1811

February 5: The Regency Act of 1811 confirms George, Prince of Wales as the Prince Regent for the duration of George III’s life

1812

May 11: Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, is assassinated by John Bellingham
June 8: Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
June 18: The War of 1812 between the United Kingdom and the United States begins
July 18: The Treaty of Orebo brings the Ango-Russian and Anglo-Swedish wars to an end

1813

March 23: Augusta of Wales, Duchess of Brunswick, daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales and mother of Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales dies in London
October 13: The Cape of Good Hope becomes a British colony

1814

July 12: George, Prince Regent informs his daughter, Charlotte of Wales, that she would be confined to Cranbourne Lodge going further, only allowed to see her grandmother, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and not her mother, Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales. She was eventually persuaded to return to her father
August 8: Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales departs England for the continent after working out a deal that would give her an annual allowance
August 13: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty is signed in London, returning gains the British won to the Netherlands, with the exception of the Cape of Good Hope and certain South American settlements
August 24: British soldiers burn Washington, D.C.

Princess Charlotte of Wales and Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

1815

January 3: Great Britain, Austria and France form a defensive treaty against Prussia and Russia
January 8: The Battle of New Orleans is fought, in which the Americans defeat the British in the last battle of the War of 1812
March 15: Parliament passes the Corn Laws
May 29: Ernest, Duke of Cumberland, son of George III, and Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Princess of Solms-Braunfels are married in Germany
June 18: The Battle of Waterloo is fought, in which the British defeats Napoleon
July 15: Napoleon surrenders to the British. Days later he is taken into exile

1816

March 18: Income tax is abolished
May 2: Charlotte of Wales, daughter of George, Prince Regent, and Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld are married at Carlton House in London
July 22: Mary of the Untied Kingdom, daughter of George III, and William, Duke of Gloucester, grandson of Frederick, Prince of Wales, are married at St. James’s Palace

1817

November 5: Charlotte of Wales, Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld gives birth to a stillborn son at Claremont House
November 6: Charlotte of Wales, Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld dies at Claremont House

Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Duchess of Clarence

1818

May 29: Edward, Duke of Kent, son of George III, and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, daughter of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, are married at Schloss Ehrenburg in Coburg
June 1: Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, son of George III, and Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, daughter of Frederick of Hesse, are married at Kassel
July 11: Edward, Duke of Kent and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent are married a second time at Kew Palace in Surrey alongside William, Duke of Clarence and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, daughter of George, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent

1819

March 27: Charlotte of Clarence is born to William, Duke of Clarence and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Duchess of Clarence in Hanover
May 24: Victoria of Kent is born to Edward, Duke of Kent and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent at Kensington Palace in London
August 26: Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha is born to Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Alternburg, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Schloss Rosenau in Coburg
September 5: Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Duchess of Clarence gives birth to a stillborn child in Calais

The trial of Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of England

1820

January 23: Edward, Duke of Kent, son of George III, dies at Woolbrook Cottage in Sidmouth
January 29: George III dies at Windsor Castle; George IV ascends the British throne
June 5: Caroline of Brunswick returns to England from abroad, where she had mainly been living in Italy
July 5: The Pains and Penalties Bill is introduced in Parliament, with the goal of denying Caroline of Brunswick, wife of George IV, the title of queen. The bill leads to an effective public trial of the King and Queen’s marriage and is eventually withdrawn
December 10: Elizabeth of Clarence is born to William, Duke of Clarence and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Duchess of Clarence at St. James’s Palace

1821

March 21: Elizabeth of Clarence, daughter of William, Duke of Clarence, dies at St. James’s Palace
July 19: George IV is crowned king of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, Caroline of Brunswick is barred from the Abbey
August 7: Caroline of Brunswick wife of George IV, King of the United Kingdom, dies in Hammersmith, London

1822

April 8: Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Duchess of Clarence gives birth to stillborn twin boys at Bushy Park in London
August 15 – 29: George IV, King of the United Kingdom visits Scotland, the first monarch to do so since Charles II did so while in exile

Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent and her daughter, Princess Victoria

1823

July: The death penalty is abolished for over 100 offences

1824

November 15 – 21: The Great Fire Edinburgh leaves 400 families homeless

1825

June 22: The Cotton Mills Regulation Act establishes a maximum 12-hour working day for children under the age of 16
September 27: The first railway opens

1826

November 12: Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, son of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha is made Duke of Saxony

1827

January 5: Frederick, Duke of York, son of George III, dies at Rutland House in London
January 17: Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington becomes Commander-in-Chief of the Forces
April 10: Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by George Canning
July 6: The Treaty of London is signed between Great Britain, France and Russia
August 8: George Canning dies in office and is succeed as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by F. J. Robinson, Lord Goderich

1828

January 22: F. J. Robinson, Lord Goderich steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington
May 9: The Sacramental Test Act removes laws prohibiting Catholics from holding public office
October 5: Charlotte of Great Britain, Queen of Wurttemberg and daughter of George III, dies at Schloss Ludwigsburg

1829

March 21: Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and George Finch-Hatton, Earl of Winchilsea fight a duel over Wellington’s support for Catholic Emancipation. No one is injured
April 13: The Catholic Relief Act is passed by Parliament
June 19: Parliament establishes the Metropolitan Police Service

1830

June 26: George IV, King of the United Kingdom dies at St. James’s Palace; William IV ascends the British throne
November 22: Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Charles, Earl Grey

1831

May 2: Augustus, Duke of Sussex, son of George III and Cecilia Buggin, daughter of Arthur Gore, Earl of Arran, are married without royal permission
July 21: Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, widower of Charlotte of Wales, ascends the Belgian throne
September 8: William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen are crowned king and queen of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey
September 22: The House of Commons passes the Reform Bill, which is defeated in the House of Lords

1832

June 4: The Great Reform Act becomes law

1833

August 28: The Slavery Abolition Act receives the approval of William IV, King of the United Kingdom, abolishing slavery in most of the British Empire
August 29: The Factory Act makes it illegal to employ children under the age of nine and limits children under the age of 13 to a nine-hour workday
November 27: Mary Adelaide of Cambridge is born to Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, son of George III, and Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Cambridge in Hanover

Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Queen of England

1834

July 16: Charles, Earl Grey steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by William Lamb, Lord Melbourne
August 15: Parliament approves the creation of South Australia as a colony
October 16: The Palace of Westminster is destroyed by fire
November 14: William IV, King of the United Kingdom dismisses William Lamb, Lord Melbourne as Prime Minister and Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington forms a “caretaker government.” This is the last time a British monarch will choose a Prime Minister in opposition to Parliament
December 10: Sir Robert Peel assumes the office of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

1835

April 18: Sir Robert Peel steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by William Lamb, Lord Melbourne

1837

June 20: William IV, King of the United Kingdom dies at Windsor Castle; Queen Victoria ascends the British throne
June 20: Ernest, Duke of Cumberland, son of George III, ascends the throne of Hanover which can’t be inherited by Queen Victoria due to Salic law
July 13: Queen Victoria moves from Kensington Palace to Buckingham Palace, the first monarch to make it their primary London residence

1838

June 28: Victoria is crowned queen of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey
October 1: The First Anglo-Afghan War begins

1839

April 19: The Treaty of London establishes Belgium, of which Queen Victoria’s uncle, Leopold I, is king, as an independent kingdom in Europe
May 7 – 11: The Bedchamber Crisis occurs at the royal court, during which Queen Victoria refuses to dismiss her Ladies of the Bedchamber whose husbands are Whigs, which prompts William Lamb, Lord Melbourne to stay in office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in lieu of Sir Robert Peel
October 15: Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha are betrothed at Windsor Castle

1840

February 10: Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha are married at St. James’s Palace in London
June 10: Edward Oxford makes an assassination attempt on Queen Victoria
September 22: Augusta of the United Kingdom, daughter of George III, dies at Clarence House in London
November 21: Victoria of the United Kingdom is born to Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha at Buckingham Palace in London

The wedding of Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

1841

January 26: The United Kingdom formally occupies Hong Kong
May 3: New Zealand becomes a British colony
August 30: William Lamb, Lord Melbourne steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Sir Robert Peel
November 9: Albert Edward of the United Kingdom is born to Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha at Buckingham Palace in London
December 8: Albert Edward of the United Kingdom, son of Queen Victoria, is made Prince of Wales

1842

May 11: The Income Tax Act establishes the first income tax levied during peacetime
August 9: The United Kingdom and the United States sign the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, which lays out the

1843

1844

August 6: Alfred of the United Kingdom is born to Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Windsor Castle in London
August 9: Imprisonment for debt is abolished in England
December 1: Alexandra of Denmark is born to Christian of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel, Princess of Denmark at the Yellow Palace in Copenhagen

1846

May 15: The House of Commons repeals the Corn Laws by passing the Importation Bill
May 25: Helena of the United Kingdom is born to Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Buckingham Palace in London
June 25: The House of Lords passes the Importation Bill
June 29: Robert Peel steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by John, Earl Russell
August 18: Parliament passes the Religious Opinions Relief Act which did away with certain remaining limitations on the rights of the Catholics, Jews and other religions

Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their five eldest children

1847

June 8: The Factory Act establishes a 10-hour working day for women and boys aged 13-18

1848

February 24: Louis-Philippe, King of France abdicates the throne and leaves France for exile in England
March 18: Louise of the United Kingdom is born to Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Buckingham Palace in London
May 27: Sophia of the United Kingdom, daughter of George III, dies at Kensington Palace in London

Queen Victoria and her eldest daughter, Princess Victoria

1849

May 19: William Hamilton is arrested after attempting to assassinate Queen Victoria
December 2: Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen and widow of William IV, King of the United Kingdom, dies at Bentley Priory in Middlesex

1850

May 1: Arthur of the United Kingdom is born to Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Buckingham Palace in London
July 8: Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, son of George III, dies at Cambridge House in London

1851

May 1: The Great Exhibition in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park is opened by Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
November 18: Ernest, King of Hanover, son of George III, dies in Hanover

1852

February 21: John, Earl Russell steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby
November 11: The new Palace of Westminster opens
December 19: Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby steps down Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen on December 28

Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their children

1853

April 7: Leopold of the United Kingdom is born to Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Buckingham Palace in London. During his birth Queen Victoria used, for the first time, chloroform

1855

January 29: George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen steps down as Prime Minister and is succeeded by Henry Temple, Lord Palmerston on February 5

1856

May 17: The betrothal of Victoria of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria and Frederick of Prussia, grandson of Frederick William III, King of Prussia, is announced. The engagement has privately taken place the year before
March 31: The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War

1857

April 14: Beatrice of the United Kingdom is born to Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Buckingham Palace in London
April 30: Mary of the United Kingdom, Duchess of Gloucester and daughter of George III dies at Gloucester House in London
June 25: Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, husband of Queen Victoria, is made Prince Consort

The wedding of Victoria, Princess Royal and Prince Frederick of Prussia

1858

January 25: Victoria of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria and Frederick of Prussia, grandson of Frederick William III, King of Prussia, are married at St. James’s Palace in London
February 21: Henry Temple, Lord Palmerston steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby

1859

January 27: Wilhelm of Prussia is born to Frederick of Prussia and Victoria of the United Kingdom, Princess of Prussia and daughter of Queen Victoria in Berlin
June 10: Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Henry Temple, Lord Palmerston

1861

March 16: Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent, widow of Edward, Duke of Kent and mother of Queen Victoria, dies at Frogmore House in Windsor
April 30: Alice of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria, and Louis of Hesse are engaged
December 14: Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Consort dies at Windsor Castle

1862

July 1: Alice of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria, and Louis of Hesse are married at Osborne House
September 9: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra of Denmark, daughter of Christian IX, King of Denmark are betrothed in Laeken, Belgium

Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra of Denmark, Princess of Wales

1863

March 10: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Queen Victoria, and Alexandra of Denmark, daughter of Christian IX, King of Denmark, are married at Windsor Castle
April 5: Victoria of Hesse is born to Louis of Hesse and Alice of the United Kingdom, Princess of Hesse at Windsor Castle

1864

January 8: Albert Victor of Wales is born to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra of Denmark, Princess of Wales at Frogmore House in Windsor

1865

June 3: George of Wales is born to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra of Denmark, Princess of Wales at Marlborough House in London
October 18: Henry Temple, Lord Palmerston dies in office and is succeeded as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by John, Lord Russell
December 5: The betrothal of Helena of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria, and Christian of Schleswig-Holstein is announced

Helena of the United Kingdom and Christian of Schleswig-Holstein

1866

May 24: Alfred of the United Kingdom, son of Queen Victoria, is made Duke of Edinburgh
June 26: John, Lord Russell steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby
July 5: Helena of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria, and Christian of Schleswig-Holstein are married at Windsor Castle

1867

February 20: Louise of Wales is born to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra of Denmark, Princess of Wales at Marlborough House in London

1868

February 27: Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Benjamin Disraeli
May 29: The Capital Punishment Amendment Act abolishes public hangings
July 6: Victoria of Wales is born to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra of Denmark, Princess of Wales at Marlborough House in London
December 3: Benjamin Disraeli steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by William Gladstone

1869

Sir Charles Mordaunt, a member of Parliament, threatens to name Albert Edward, Prince of Wales a co-respondent in his divorce suit against Harriet Moncreiffe, which he did not ultimately do. Harriet gave birth to an illegitimate daughter in 1869, which prompted the divorce. The Prince of Wales was called to testify in the case early the next year
November 26: Maud of Wales is born to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra of Denmark, Princess of Wales at Marlborough House in London

1870

June 14: Sophia of Prussia is born to Frederick of Prussia and Victoria of the United Kingdom, Princess of Prussia and daughter of Queen Victoria in Berlin
October 3: Louise of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria, and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, son of George Campbell, Duke of Argyll, Secretary of State for India, are betrothed at Balmoral Castle

Frederick, Crown Prince of Prussia, Victoria, Crown Princess of Prussia and their children

1871

January 18: Frederick of Prussia and Victoria of the United Kingdom, Princess of Prussia become the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia
March 21: Louise of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria, and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne are married at Windsor Castle

1872

June 6: Alexandra of Hesse is born to Louis of Hesse and Alice of the United Kingdom, Princess of Hesse is born at the New Palace in Darmstadt

1873

March 13: William Gladstone steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, however when the Conservative Party fail to form a governme

1874

January 23: Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, son of Queen Victoria, and Marie of Russia, daughter of Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, are married at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
February 17: William Gladstone steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Benjamin Disraeli
May 13: Alexander II, Tsar of Russia makes a state visit to Great Britain
May 24: Arthur of the United Kingdom, son of Queen Victoria, is made Duke of Connaught

Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Marie of Russia

1875

October: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Queen Victoria, departs England for a tour of India
October 29: Marie of Edinburgh is born to Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Marie of Russia, Duchess of Edinburgh at Eastwell Park in Kent

1876

April: The Royal Titles Act names Queen Victoria the Empress of India, starting in 1877
June: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Queen Victoria, returns to England from India
August: Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is named Earl of Beaconsfield

1877

January 1: Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India
January: Wilhelm of Prussia, son of Victoria of the United Kingdom, Crown Princess of Germany, is invested with the Order of the Garter
June 13: Louis of Hesse and Alice of the United Kingdom become the Grand Duke and Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt

Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt

1878

December 14: Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt dies at the New Palace in Darmstadt

1879

March 13: Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Louise of Prussia, daughter of Frederick Charles of Prussia, are married at Windsor Castle

1880

April 21: Benjamin Disraeli steps down as Prime Minister of the United States and is succeeded by William Gladstone

1881

February 27: Wilhelm of Prussia, son of Victoria of the United Kingdom, Crown Princess of Germany, and Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein are married
March 24: Leopold of the United Kingdom, son of Queen Victoria, is made Duke of Albany

1882

January 15: Margaret of Connaught is born to Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Louise of Prussia, Duchess of Connaught at Bagshot Park in Surrey
April 27: Leopold, Duke of Albany, son of Queen Victoria, and Helen of Waldeck-Pyrmont, daughter of Georg Viktor, Prince of Waldeck-Pyrmont, are married at Windsor Castle
August 18: The Married Women’s Property Act is passed, enabling married women to own and sell property, as well as keep their own financial earnings in their name

1884

March 28: Leopold, Duke of Albany, son of Queen Victoria, dies in Cannes
April 30: Louis of Battenberg and Victoria of Hesse, daughter of Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt are married in Darmstadt

1885

January 24: Irish terrorists blow up portions of Westminster Hall and the Tower of London with dynamite
February 25: Alice of Battenberg is born to Louis of Battenberg and Victoria of Hesse, Princess of Battenberg at Windsor Castle
February 26: Great Britain participates in the Berlin Conference, in which European countries debate “spheres of influence” in Africa
June 9: William Gladstone steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury
July 23: Beatrice of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria, and Henry of Battenberg are married at Saint Mildred’s Church in Whippingham

Beatrice of the United Kingdom on her wedding day

1886

January 28: Robert Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by William Gladstone on February 1
July 20: William Gladstone steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Robert Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury on July 25

1887

June 20: Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee
October 24: Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg is born to Henry of Battenberg and Beatrice of the United Kingdom, Princess of Battenberg at Balmoral Castle in Scotland

1888

March 9: Frederick III and Victoria of the United Kingdom ascend the throne of German Empire
June 15: Frederick III, Emperor of Germany dies at the New Palace in Potsdam; Wilhelm II ascends the German throne

Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of Germany

1889

July 27: Louise of Wales, daughter of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and Alexander Duff, Earl Fife are married at Buckingham Palace in London
July 29: Alexander Duff, Earl Fife and Louise of Wales, Countess Fife are made the Duke and Duchess of Fife
August 26: The Prevention of Cruelty and the Protection of Children Act is passed by Parliament
October 27: Sophia of Prussia, daughter of Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of Germany, and Constantine, Crown Prince of Greece are married in Athens

1890

May 24: Albert Victor of Wales, son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, is made Duke of Clarence

1891

April 1: The London-Paris telephone system is opened to the public
December 3: Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and Mary of Teck, daughter of Francis, Duke of Teck, are engaged at Luton Hoo

1892

January 14: Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, dies at Sandringham House in Norfolk
May 24: George of Wales, son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, is made Duke of York
August 11: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by William Gladstone on August 18

George, Duke of York and Mary of Teck on their wedding day

1893

January 10: Marie of Edinburgh, daughter of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Romania are married Sigmaringen Castle in Germany
July 6: George, Duke of York, son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and Mary of Teck, former fiancée of Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, are married at St. James’s Palace in London
August 22: Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha dies and the duchy of Coburg is inherited by Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh

1894

March 3: William Gladstone steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Archibald Primrose, Earl of Rosebery on March 5
June 23: Edward of York is born at White Lodge in Surrey to George, Duke of York and Mary of Teck, Duchess of York
November 26: Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia and Alexandra of Hesse, Tsarina of Russia, daughter of Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt, are married at the Winter Palace of St. Petersburg

Four generations of monarchs: Queen Victoria, Edward VII, George V and Edward VIII

1895

June 21: Archibald Primrose, Earl of Rosebery steps down as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury
December 14: Albert of York is born to George, Duke of York and Mary of Teck, Duchess of York at York Cottage in Norfolk

1896

July 22: Maud of Wales, daughter of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and Carl of Denmark, son of Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark, are married at Buckingham Palace in London

The wedding of Maud of Wales and Prince Carl of Denmark

1897

April 25: Mary of York is born to George, Duke of York and Mary of Teck, Duchess of York at York Cottage in Norfolk

1900

February 6: The House of Commons puts for a vote to censure the government over its handling of the Second Boer War, which is defeated
March 31: Henry of York is born to George, Duke of York and Mary of Teck, Duchess of York at York Cottage in Norfolk
April 4: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Queen Victoria, is the victim of an attempted assassination on the way to Belgium from Denmark
April 4: Queen Victoria visits Dublin
April 24: John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne and Louise of the United Kingdom, Marchioness of Lorne becomes the Duke and Duchess of Argyll
July 30: Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, son of Queen Victoria, dies at Schloss Rosenau in Coburg; the duchy is inherited by Charles, Duke of Albany, son of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and grandson of Queen Victoria
August 4: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon is born to Claude Bowes-Lyon, Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck in London

Queen Victoria with her eldest daughter, Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of Germany

The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

1901

January 22: Queen Victoria dies at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight; Edward VII ascends the British throne and George, Duke of York becomes the Duke of Cornwall
February 18: Winston Churchill gives his first speech in the House of Commons on the Boer War
March 16: George, Duke of Cornwall and Mary of Teck, Duchess of Cornwall depart for a tour of the British Empire on a royal yacht. They return to England on November 1
August 5: Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of Germany dies at Schloss Friedrichschoff in Hesse
November 9: George, Duke of York and Cornwall and Mary of Teck, Duchess of York and Cornwall are made Prince and Princess of Wales

1902

July 11: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Arthur Balfour, his nephew
August 9: Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark are crowned king and queen of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey
December 20: George of Wales is born to George, Prince of Wales and Mary of Teck, Princess of Wales at York Cottage in Norfolk

1903

January 1: Edward VII is named Emperor of India
October 6: Alice of Battenberg, granddaughter of Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Andrew of Greece and Denmark are married in Darmstadt

Alexandra of Denmark, wife of Edward VII

1905

March 20: The title of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is recognized by Edward VII via a royal warrant
June 15: Margaret of Connaught, daughter of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Scania are married at Windsor Castle
July 12: John of Wales is born to George, Prince of Wales and Mary of Teck, Princess of Wales at York Cottage in Norfolk
November 9: Louise of Wales, daughter of Edward VII, is made the Princess Royal
November 18: Maud of Wales, daughter of Edward VII, and Haakon VII ascend the Norwegian throne
December 5: Arthur Balfour steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Henry Campbell-Bannerman

1906

May 31: Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, daughter of Beatrice of the United Kingdom, Princess of Battenberg, and Alfonso XIII, King of Spain are married in Madrid

Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, Queen of Spain

1907

December 8: Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Scania and Margaret of Connaught, Duchess of Scania, daughter of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, are made Crown Prince and Princess of Sweden

1908

April 3: Henry Campbell-Bannerman steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by H. H. Asquith on April 5

1910

April 27: A bill to abolish the House of Lords is introduced in the House of Commons and passed on April 29
May 6: Edward VII dies at Buckingham Palace in London; George V ascends the British throne and Edward of Wales becomes the Duke of Cornwall
October 5: Manuel II, King of Portugal abdicates the throne when the country becomes a republic; he seeks exile in England
December 19: The general election ends, resulting in a limit on the power of the House of Lords and in favor of Irish Home Rule

1911

June 22: George V and Mary of Teck are crowned king and queen of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey
July 13: Edward, Duke of Cornwall, son of George V, is invested as Prince of Wales
December 11: George V and Mary of Teck are crowned Emperor and Empress of India at the Delhi Durbar

1914

June 28: Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria is assassinated alongside his wife in Sarajevo
August 3: Sir Edward Grey, the Foreign Secretary, makes a speech in the House of Commons in support going to war with Germany
August 4: The United Kingdom declares war on Germany
August 12: The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary
September 5: The London Agreement is signed, in which neither Great Britain, France, nor Russia may make an independent peace with the Central Powers
October 11: Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Romania and Marie of Edinburgh, Crown Princess of Romania, daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, ascend the Romanian throne
November 5: The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus and declares war on the Ottoman Empire
December 18: Egypt becomes a British protectorate

1916

July 1 – November 18: The Battle of the Somme is fought, the results of which are inconclusive
December 5: H. H. Asquith steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by David Lloyd George
December 11: A War Cabinet is established

The House of Windsor

1917

July 17: The royal House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in existence since 1901, is renamed the House of Windsor
November 7: Louis of Battenberg and Victoria of Hesse, Princess of Battenberg, daughter of Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt, are made the Marquess and Marchioness of Milford Haven

1918

July 17: Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia; Alexandra of Hesse, Tsarina of Russia; and their four children are assassinated at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg
November 9: The Germany monarchy is abolished
November 10: Wilhelm II, son of Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of Germany, departs Germany for exile in the Netherlands
November 11: Germany signs an armistice with the Allies, ending World War I
November 21: The Qualification Act of 1918 is passed by Parliament, giving women over the age of 21 the ability to stand as Members of Parliament
November 28: Wilhelm II formally abdicates the German throne
December 14: The first general election is held in which women are allowed to vote

Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia and George V

1919

January 18: John of the United Kingdom, son of George V, dies at Wood Farm in Norfolk
June 28: The Treaty of Versailles is signed, officially ending war between Germany and the Allied powers

1920

February 11: The Council of the League of Nations meets for the first time in London
May 1: Margaret of Connaught, Crown Princess of Sweden, daughter of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, dies in Stockholm
May 15: Wilhelm of Prussia, son of Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of Germany, moves into a country house in Doorn, the Netherlands where he remained for the rest of his life
June 4: Albert of Wales, son of George V, is made Duke of York
July 16: War between Great Britain and Austria is ended
October 24: Marie of Russia, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, widow of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, dies in Zurich
November 29: Rationing in place during World War I is lifted
December 23: The Government of Ireland Act is passed by Parliament, separating Ireland into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland

1921

Albert, Duke of York, son of George V, proposes to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who turns him down
May 11: Mary of Teck, wife of George V, is awarded an honorary degree from Oxford University, the first woman to do so
June 10: Philip of Greece and Denmark is born to Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Alice of Battenberg, Princess of Greece and Denmark in Corfu, Greece. Philip is the youngest of five children and the only son

1922

February 28: Mary of the United Kingdom, daughter of George V, and Henry, Lord Lascelles, son of Henry Lascelles, Earl of Harewood, are married at Westminster Abbey in London
March: Albert, Duke of York, son of George V, proposes to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon a second time and is turned down
October 22: David Lloyd George steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Andrew Bonar Law on October 23
December 7: Northern Ireland votes to remain a part of the United Kingdom

1923

January: Albert, Duke of York, son of George V, and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon are engaged after a third proposal
April 26: Albert, Duke of York, son of George V, and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon are married at Westminster Abbey in London
May 22: Andrew Bonar Law steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is replaced by Stanley Baldwin
June 9: Helena of the United Kingdom, Princess of Schleswig-Holstein, daughter of Queen of Victoria, dies at Schomberg House in London

1924

January 16: Stanley Baldwin steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Ramsay MacDonald on January 22
November 22: Ramsay MacDonald steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Stanley Baldwin

1925

April 9: The Administration of Estates Act abolishes the rule of primogeniture in England and Wales
November 20: Alexandra of Denmark, widow of Edward VII, dies at Sandringham House in Norfolk

1926

April 21: Elizabeth of York is born to Albert, Duke of York and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Duchess of York in London

1927

May 13: George V proclaims his new title is King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

1928

March 31: Henry of the United Kingdom, son of George V, is made Duke of Gloucester

1929

June 5: Stanley Baldwin steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Ramsay MacDonald
October 6: Henry, Lord Lascelles and Mary of the United Kingdom, Lady Lascelles, daughter of George V, are made Earl and Countess of Harewood

1930

March 7: Antony Armstrong-Jones is born to Ronald Armstrong-Jones and Anne Messel in London
August 21: Margaret of York is born to Albert, Duke of York and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Duchess of York at Glamis Castle in Scotland

1931

January 4: Louise of Wales, Duchess of Fife, daughter of Edward VII, dies at Portman Square in London
March 1: Oswald Mosley forms the New Party
April 14: Alfonso XIII, King of Spain and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, Queen of Spain step down from the Spanish throne and go into exile
December 11: Parliament enacts the Statute of Westminster, which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, the Dominion of New Zealand and the Union of South Africa

1932

January 1: Mary of the United Kingdom, Countess of Harewood, daughter of George V, is made the Princess Royal
January 8: The Archbishop of Canterbury forbids remarriages within the Church
January 13: Sophia of Prussia, Queen of Greece, daughter of Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of Germany, dies in Frankfurt
October: Oswald Mosley forms the British Union of Fascists
December 25: George V delivers the first Royal Christmas Message

1933

August 12: Winston Churchill makes his first public speech, speaking out against Germany rearmament

George, Duke of Kent and Marina of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Kent

1934

October 12: George, son of George V, is made Duke of Kent
November 22: George, Duke of Kent, son of George V, and Marina of Greece of Denmark, daughter of Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, are married at Westminster Abbey in London

Queen Mary with Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret

1935

May 6: The Silver Jubilee of George V is celebrated in Great Britain
May 19: Sir Thomas More is canonized by Pope Pius XI
June 7: Ramsay MacDonald steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Stanley Baldwin
November 6: Henry, Duke of Gloucester, son of George V, and Alice Montagu Douglas Scott, daughter of John Montagu Douglas Scott, Duke of Buccleuch, are married at St. James’s Palace in London
December 3: Victoria of Wales, daughter of Edward VII, dies at Coppins in Buckinghamshire

1936

January 20: George V dies at Sandringham House in Norfolk; Edward VIII ascends the British throne
January 21: Edward VIII watches the proclamation of his kingship next to his still-married companion, Wallis Warfield Simpson
July 16: George McMahon attempts to assassinate Edward VIII during the Trooping the Colour ceremony
October 20: Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, asks Edward VIII to separate himself from Wallis Simpson
October 27: Walls Warfield Simpson and Ernest Simpson are divorced
November 16: Edward VIII informs Stanley Baldwin that he intends to marry Wallis Warfield Simpson
November 25: Edward VIII proposes a morganatic marriage between him and Wallis Warfield Simpson, which would make her his wife, but not queen
November 27: The Cabinet rejects the idea of a morganatic marriage
December 2: Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, informs Edward VIII that if he marries Wallis Warfield Simpson he will have to abdicate the throne
December 10: Edward VIII signs an instrument of abdication at Fort Belvedere in Surrey in front of Albert, Duke of York; Henry, Duke of Gloucester; and George, Duke of Kent
December 11: Edward VIII abdicates the British throne and becomes known as Edward, Prince of the United Kingdom; George VI ascends the British throne
December 11: Edward of the United Kingdom, son of George V, departs England for Austria

Edward VIII making his abdication speech

1937

March 8: Edward of the United Kingdom, son of George V, is formally made Duke of Windsor. He began using the title immediately after abdicating three months before
May 12: George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon are crowned king and queen of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey
May 27: George VI passes letters patent denying the style of Royal Highness to any wife or children of Edward, Duke of Windsor, son of George V
May 28: Stanley Baldwin steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Neville Chamberlain
June 3: Edward, Duke of Windsor, son of George V, and Walls Warfield Simpson are married at the Chateau de Cande in France
July 28: An assassination attempt is made against George VI

1938

January 17: Joseph Kennedy, Sr. is appointed the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
July 18: Marie of Edinburgh, Queen of Romania, daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, dies at Pelisor Castle in Romania
September 13: Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany meet
September 29: The Munich Agreement is signed between Great Britain and Germany
November 20: Maud of Wales, Queen of Norway, daughter of Edward VII, dies at Appleton House in Norfolk

1939

May 17: George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon tour Canada, the first time British sovereigns do so
September 3: The United Kingdom declares war on Nazi Germany
September 16: Edward, Duke of Windsor, son of George V, is appointed major-general attached to the British Military Mission to France
December 3: Louise of the United Kingdom, Duchess of Argyll, daughter of Queen Victoria, dies at Kensington Palace

Edward, Duke of Windsor and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor

1940

May 10: Neville Chamberlain steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Winston Churchill
May 28: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, convinces the War Cabinet that no peace should be proposed to Nazi Germany
August 24: The first air raid of London occurs
August 26: The British Royal Air Force bombs Berlin for the first time
October 31: The Battle of Britain ends after over three months of fighting in a decisive Allied victory
December 29: The Second Great Fire of London occurs after heaving bombing by the Germans

Princesses Margaret and Elizabeth making a war-time announcement

1941

March 2: Joseph Kennedy Sr. steps down as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
March 11: The United States signs the Lend-Lease Act, allowing the U.S. to supply military equipment to Great Britain
May 10: The House of Commons is damaged by German bombing
June 9: Wilhelm II, former Emperor of Germany, son of Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of Germany, dies at Huis Doorn in the Netherlands
August 9: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Franklin Roosevelt, President of the United States meet and sign the Atlantic Charter
December 5: Great Britain declares war on Finland, Hungary and Romania
December 27: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, address a Joint session of the U.S. Congress

Queen Elizabeth, George VI, Princess Margaret and Princess Elizabeth

1942

January 16: Arthur, Duke of Connaught, son of Queen Victoria, dies at Bagshot Park in Surrey
February 25: Elizabeth Windsor, daughter of George VI, registers for war service
August 25: George, Duke of Kent, son of George V, is killed in an air crash in Morven, Scotland

1943

January 23: Great Britain captures Tripoli from the Nazis
May 19: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom addresses a Joint session of U.S. Congress

1944

October 23: The Allies recognize Charles de Gaulle’s cabinet as the provisional government of France
October 26: Beatrice of the United Kingdom, Princess of Battenberg, daughter of Queen Victoria, dies at Brantridge Park in Sussex

1945

February 11: The Yalta Conference ends
February 13: The British Royal Air Force begins bombing Dresden
April 30: Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany commits suicide in Berlin
May 8: Victory in Europe Day is celebrated, marking the end of World War II. Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, joins George VI, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Elizabeth and Margaret Windsor on the balcony of Buckingham Palace in London
July 26: Winston Churchill steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Clement Attlee
August 15: Victory Over Japan Day is celebrated after Japan surrenders to the Allies
October 24: Great Britain signs the United Nations Charter

The royal family with Winston Churchill on VE Day

1946

March 5: Winston Churchill delivers the Iron Curtain speech in Missouri, United States
March 15: Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, announces that Great Britain is granting India independence

1947

February 20: Louis, Earl of Mountbatten, grandson of Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt, is appointed the last Viceroy of India
July 10: Elizabeth Windsor, daughter of George VI, and Philip of Greece and Denmark, great-grandson of Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt, are engaged
July 17: Camilla Shand is born to Bruce Shand and Rosalind Cubitt in London
November 20: Philip Mountbatten, son of Alice of Battenberg, Princess of Greece and Denmark, is made Duke of Edinburgh
November 20: Elizabeth Windsor, son of George VI, and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh are married at Westminster Abbey in London

Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip on their wedding day

1948

January 4: Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom
November 14: Charles Mountbatten-Windsor is born to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Elizabeth Windsor, Duchess of Windsor at Buckingham Palace in London

1949

July: Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Elizabeth Windsor, Duchess of Windsor, daughter of George VI, move to Clarence House in London

1950

August 15: Anne Mountbatten-Windsor is born to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Elizabeth Windsor, Duchess of Edinburgh at Clarence House in London
September 24: Victoria of Hesse, Marchioness of Milford Haven, daughter of Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt, dies at Kensington Palace
December 25: The Stone of Scone is stolen from Westminster Abbey in London

Prince Philip and Princess Elizabeth with Prince Charles and Princess Anne

1951

April 11: The Stone of Scone, stolen from Westminster Abbey in London, is recovered in Scotland
October 26: Clement Attlee steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Winston Churchill
November 4: Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Elizabeth Windsor, Duchess of Edinburgh, daughter of George VI, are both made members of the Privy Council

Princess Elizabeth, Prince Philip, Queen Elizabeth, George VI and Princess Margaret

1952

January: Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Elizabeth Windsor, Duchess of Edinburgh, daughter of George VI, leave the UK for an overseas tour that is meant to include Kenya, New Zealand and Australia
February 6: George VI dies at Sandringham House in Norfolk; Elizabeth II ascends the British throne
February 8: Elizabeth II is declared queen of the United Kingdom
February 26: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, announces that the UK has an atomic bomb

1953

Peter Townsend proposes marriage to Margaret Windsor, daughter of George VI, and is accepted. The announcement and marriage are postponed by the royal family due to Townsend’s status as a divorced man.
March 24: Mary of Teck, widow of George V, dies at Marlborough House in London
April 24: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, is knighted by Elizabeth II
June 2: Elizabeth II is crowned Queen of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey
June 23: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, suffers a stroke, however the public is told that he’s suffering from fatigue

1955

April 6: Winston Churchill steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Anthony Eden
October 28: A proposal is finalized that would allow Margaret Windsor, daughter of George VI, to marry Peter Townsend by removing her and any future children from the line of succession
October 31: Margaret Windsor, daughter of George VI, releases a statement that she will not marry Peter Townsend

1957

January 10: Anthony Eden steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Harold Macmillan
December 25: Elizabeth II makes the first televised Royal Christmas Message

1958

July 26: Charles Mountbatten-Windsor, son of Elizabeth II, is made Prince of Wales

Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and their three eldest children

1959

February 19: The United Kingdom grants Cyprus its independence
February 23: Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, visits the USSR and meets with Nikita Krushchev
June 3: The United Kingdom grants Singapore self-governing status
August 31: Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Dwight Eisenhower, President of the United States, make a joint television broadcast from Downing Street

1960

February 19: Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor is born to Elizabeth II and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at Buckingham Palace in London
February 26: Antony Armstrong-Jones and Margaret Windsor, daughter of George VI, are engaged
May 6: Margaret Windsor, daughter of George VI, and Antony Armstrong-Jones are married at Westminster Abbey in London
August 16: Cyprus gains its independence from the United Kingdom
December 2: Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury meets with Pope John XIII, marking the first meeting between the head of Church of England and the Vatican

Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones

1961

June: Elizabeth II and Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh host John F. & Jackie Kennedy at Buckingham Palace
July 1: Diana Spencer is born to John Spencer, Lord Althorp and Frances Roche, Lady Althorp in London
October 6: Antony Armstrong-Jones and Margaret Windsor, daughter of George VI, are made the Earl and Countess of Snowdon
November 6: David Armstrong-Jones is born to Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon and Margaret Windsor, Countess of Snowdon at Clarence House in London

1962

July 13: In the “Night of the Long Knives,” Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, dismisses one-third of his Cabinet
August 6: Jamaica gains its independence
August 31: Trinidad and Tobago gains its independence
October 9: Uganda gains its independence

1963

January 29: Charles de Gaulle, President of France, vetoes the United Kingdom’s entry into the European Economic Community
October 18: Harold Macmillan steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Alec Douglas Home on October 19
December 12: Kenya gains its independence from the United Kingdom

1964

March 10: Edward Mountbatten-Windsor is born to Elizabeth II and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at Buckingham Palace in London
May 1: Sarah Armstrong-Jones is born to Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon and Margaret Windsor, Countess of Snowdon at Kensington Palace in London
July 6: Malawi gains independence from the United Kingdom
September 21: Malta gains independence from the United Kingdom
October 16: Alec Douglas-Home steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Harold Wilson
October 24: Northern Rhodesia gains its independence from the United Kingdom

The Earl and Countess of Snowdon with their children

1965

January 14: The Prime Ministers of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years
January 24: Sir Winston Churchill, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, dies at Chartwell in Kent
March 28: Mary of the United Kingdom, Countess of Harewood, daughter of George V, dies at Harewood House in Yorkshire

The Queen and Prince Philip with their children, from L to R: Prince Andrew, Prince Edward, Prince Charles and Princess Anne

1967

January 27: The United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States sign the Outer Space Treaty
May 2: The United Kingdom announces that it has decided to apply to the European Economic Commission. They do so on May 11
July 4: Male homosexuality is decriminalized by the Sexual Offences Act
November 27: Charles de Gaulle, President of France, once again vetoes the United Kingdom’s entrance into the European Economic Commission

1968

April 18: London Bridge is sold to American businessman Robert McCulloch who rebuilds it in Lake Havasu City, Arizona
April 27: The Abortion Act is passed by Parliament, legalizing abortion in a number of scenarios
August 27: Marina of Greece, Duchess of Kent, widow of George, Duke of Kent, dies at Kensington Palace in London
November 26: The Race Relations Act is passed, making it illegal to refuse public services and employment on the grounds of race

1969

April 15: Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, Queen of Spain, daughter of Beatrice of the United Kingdom, Princess of Battenberg, dies in Lausanne, Switzerland
July 1: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, is formally invested Prince of Wales
December 5: Alice of Battenberg, Princess of Greece and Denmark, granddaughter of Alice of the United Kingdom, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt and mother of Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh, dies at Buckingham Palace in London
December 18: The death penalty for murder is abolished permanently by Parliament

Elizabeth II and Charles, Prince of Wales

1970

February 19: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, joins the Royal Navy
March 2: Rhodesia is declared a republic, breaking ties with the United Kingdom. Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, doesn’t recognize the republic.
June 4: Tonga is granted independence from the United Kingdom
June 19: Harold Wilson steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Edward Heath
October 19: British Petroleum discovers an oil field in the North Sea

1971

January 1: The Divorce Reform Act allows a couple to divorce after a two-year separation if both parties agree to it
June 21: Britain begins new negotiations for entry into the European Economic Commission
September 3: Qatar is granted independence from the United Kingdom
December 2: The Queen’s yearly allowance is increased to £980,000

1972

January 30: “Bloody Sunday” occurs in Northern Ireland, during which 14 are killed in Derry
April 19: A report into Bloody Sunday exonerates British troops of any wrongdoing
May 18: Elizabeth II and other members of the royal family visit Edward, Duke of Windsor at his home in Paris
May 28: Edward, Duke of Windsor, son of George V, dies in Paris

1973

January 1: The United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland enter the European Economic Community
January 4: Four hundred children in Derry, Northern Island, the sight of Bloody Sunday, attack British troops
March 14: Elizabeth II opens the new London Bridge
August 21: The coroner involved in the Bloody Sunday inquest accuses the British army of “murder” after the jury gives an open verdict
September: The Irish Republican Army sets off a series of bombs in London
October 20: The Dalai Lama makes his first visit to the United Kingdom
November 14: Anne Mountbatten-Windsor, daughter of Elizabeth II, and Mark Philips are married at Westminster Abbey in London

1974

February 7: Grenada gains its independence from the United Kingdom
March 4: Edward Heath steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Harold Wilson
March 20: An attempted kidnapping of Princess Anne, daughter of Elizabeth II, fails
April 1: The Local Government Act goes into effect, creating six new counties
June 10: Henry, Duke of Gloucester, son of George V, dies at Barnwell Manor in Northamptonshire
June 17: The Irish Republican Army takes responsibility for a bomb exploding at Parliament, damaging Westminster Hall
December 22: The home of Edward Heath, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, is bombed by the Irish Republican Army

Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Alice, Duchess of Gloucester

1975

February 11: Margaret Thatcher defeats Edward Heath to become the head of the Conservative Party and the first female head of a major political party in the United Kingdom

1976

January 29: Twelve Provisional Irish Republican Army bombs explode in London
March 19: Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon announce their separation
April 5: Harold Wilson steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by James Callaghan

1977

January 29: Seven Provisional Irish Republican Army bombs explode in London
June 7: Elizabeth II celebrates her Silver Jubilee
August 10: Elizabeth II visits Northern Ireland as part of her Jubilee tour
November 15: Peter Philips is born to Mark Philips and Anne Mountbatten-Windsor Philips at St. Mary’s Hospital in London

Elizabeth II and Prince Philip at the Queen’s Silver Jubilee

1978

July 11: Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon and Margaret Windsor, Countess of Snowdon, daughter of George VI, are divorced
December 15: Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon, former husband of Margaret Windsor, Countess of Snowdon, and Lucy Lindsay-Hogg are married

Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon with their children, David, Viscount Linley and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones

1979

February 22: Saint Lucia gains its independence from the United Kingdom
May 4: James Callaghan steps down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Margaret Thatcher, the first female Prime Minister
August 27: Louis, Earl Mountbatten, son of Victoria of Hesse, Marchioness of Milford Haven, is assassinated in County Sligo, Ireland
November 23: Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Louis, Earl Mountbatten

David, Viscount Linley and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, the children of Princess Margaret

1980

July 29: Enterprise Zones are announced to address unemployment
October 17: Elizabeth II visits the Vatican, the first British monarch to do so

The wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana Spencer

1981

February 4: The government announces it will sell half its shares in British Aerospace
February 24: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, and Diana Spencer, daughter of John Spencer, Earl Spencer, are engaged
February 25: Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, visits Washington, D.C. and meets with Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
May 15: Zara Philips is born to Mark Philips and Anne Mountbatten-Windsor Philips in London
July 29: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, and Diana Spencer are married at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London

Diana, Princess of Wales and Charles, Prince of Wales on their honeymoon in Scotland

1982

January 9: Catherine Middleton is born to Michael Middleton and Carole Goldsmith Middleton in Berkshire
February 6: Elizabeth II celebrates her Pearl Jubilee
May 28: Pope John Paul II visits the United Kingdom, during which time he meets with Elizabeth II
June 8: Ronald Raegan, President of the United States addresses a joint session of Parliament, the first American president to do so
June 21: William of Wales is born to Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales in London

The Prince and Princess of Wales with Prince William

1983

January 1: The British Nationality Act goes into effect
August 5: Twenty-two Provisional Irish Republican Army members are sentenced to a total of 4,000 years in a Belfast court

The Prince and Princess of Wales with Prince William in during a royal tour of Australia

1984

September 15: Henry of Wales is born to Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales in London
October 12: The Provisional Irish Republican Army attempts to assassinate the Conservative Cabinet

The Prince and Princess of Wales with Prince Harry

1986

March 19: The engagement of Prince Andrew, son of Elizabeth II, and Sarah Ferguson are married
April 24: Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor, widow of Edward, Duke of Windosr, dies in Paris
April 29: Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor is buried at Frogmore House in Windsor
July 23: Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor, son of Elizabeth II, is made Duke of York
July 23: Andrew, Duke of York, son of Elizabeth II, and Sarah Ferguson are married at Westminster Abbey in London
October 12: Elizabeth II and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit the People’s Republic of China, the first time a British monarch does so

The wedding of Andrew, Duke of York and Sarah Ferguson

1988

August 8: Beatrice of York is born to Andrew, Duke of York and Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York in London

The Queen and Price Philip with their four eldest grandchildren: Prince William, Prince Harry, Peter Philips, and Zara Philips

1989

November 21: The House of Commons is televised for the first time

1990

March 23: Eugenie of York is born to Andrew, Duke of York and Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York in London
November 27: John Major defeats Margaret Thatcher as the leader of the Conservative Party
November 28: Margaret Thatcher resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by John Major

The Duke and Duchess of York with Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie

1992

March 19: Andrew, Duke of York, son of Elizabeth II, and Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York are separated
April 23: Anne Mountbatten-Windsor Philips, daughter of Elizabeth II, and Mark Philips are divorced; it was announced 10 days previously
June 7: The Andrew Morton biography of the Princess of Wales is published
December: John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, announces the separation of Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, and Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales
December 12: Anne, Princess Royal, daughter of Elizabeth II, and Timothy Laurence are married at Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland

1993

October 8: David Armstrong-Jones, Lord Linley, son of Margaret Windsor, Countess of Snowdon, and Serena Stanhope are married at St. Margaret’s Church in London
December 3: Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales, wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, announces her withdrawal from public life

Anne, Princess Royal and Timothy Laurence

1994

January 14: Princess Michael of Kent formally joins the Catholic Church
June 29: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, gives a televised interview in which he admits to infidelity during his marriage with Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales
July 14: Sarah Armstrong-Jones, daughter of Margaret Windsor, Countess of Snowdon and Daniel Chatto are married at St. Stephen’s in London

1995

November 20: An interview is televised of Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales in which she implies that her husband, Charles, Prince of Wales shouldn’t inherit the throne
December 20: Buckingham Palace announces that Elizabeth II has written to Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales advising them to divorce

The Prince and Princess of Wales with Princes William and Harry

1996

May 30: Andrew, Duke of York, son of Elizabeth II, and Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York are divorced
August 28: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, and Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales are divorced

1997

May 2: John Major resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by Tony Blair
August 31: Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales, former wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, dies in a car accident in Paris
September 6: The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales takes place in London

Prince Philip, Prince William, Earl Spencer, Prince Harry and Prince Charles at Diana, Princess of Wales’s funeral

1999

January 6: Edward Mountbatten-Windsor, son of Elizabeth II, and Sophie Rhys-Jones are engaged
June 19: Edward Mountbatten-Windsor, son of Elizabeth II, is made Earl of Wessex
June 19: Edward, Earl of Wessex, son of Elizabeth II, and Sophie Rhys-Jones are married at Windsor Castle

Edward, Earl of Wessex and Sophie Rhys-Jones on their wedding day

2000

Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon and Lucy Lindsay-Hogg, Countess of Snowdon are divorced

The Queen and Prince Philip with their four children, from L to R: Charles, Prince of Wales; Andrew, Duke of York; Anne, Princess Royal; and Edward, Earl of Wessex

2002

February 6: Elizabeth II celebrates her Golden Jubilee
February 9: Margaret Windsor, Countess of Snowdon, daughter of George VI, dies in London
March 30: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, widow of George VI, dies at the Royal Lodge in Berkshire

2003

November 8: Louise Mountbatten-Windsor is born to Edward, Earl of Wessex and Sophie Rhys-Jones, Countess of Wessex in Surrey

Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall with their children on their wedding day

2005

February 10: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, and Camilla Shand Parker-Bowles are engaged
April 9: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, and Camilla Shand Parker-Bowles are married at Windsor Guildhall. Upon her wedding, Camilla is made Duchess of Cornwall

Princess Anne, Prince Edward, Prince Andrew and Prince Charles at the 2006 Order of the Garter ceremony

2007

July 28: Peter Philips, son of Anne Mountbatten-Windsor Lawrence, and Autumn Kelly are engaged
December 17: James Mountbatten-Windsor is born to Edward, Earl of Wessex and Sophie Rhys-Jones, Countess of Wessex in Surrey

2008

May 17: Peter Philips, son of Anne Mountbatten-Windsor Lawrence, and Autumn Kelly married at Windsor Castle

The wedding of Peter Philips and Autumn Kelly

2010

November 16: William of Wales, son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Catherine Middleton are engaged
December 21: Zara Philips, daughter of Anne Mountbatten-Windsor Lawrence, and Mike Tindall are engaged
December 29: Savannah Philips is born to Peter Philips and Autumn Kelly in Gloucestershire

2011

April 29: William of Wales, son of Charles, Prince of Wales, is made Duke of Cambridge
April 29: William, Duke of Cambridge, son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Catherine Middleton are married at Westminster Abbey in London
July 30: Zara Philips, daughter of Anne Mountbatten-Windsor Lawrence, and Mike Tindall are married at the Canongate Kirk in Edinburgh

The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge on their wedding day

2012

February 6: Elizabeth II celebrates her Diamond Jubilee
March 29: Isla Philips is born to Peter Philips and Autumn Kelly in Gloucestershire

The Duchess of Cornwall, Prince Charles, Elizabeth II, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry during the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee

2013

July 22: George of Cambridge is born to William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge in London

The christening of Prince George, from L to R (standing): Prince Philip; Charles, Prince of Wales; Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; Prince Harry; (sitting): Queen Elizabeth; Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge with Prince George; Prince William

2014

January 17: Mia Tindall is born to Zara Philips Tindall and Mike Tindall in Gloucestershire

2015

May 2: Charlotte of Cambridge is born to William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge in London

The christening of Princess Charlotte, from L to R (standing): Michael Middleton; Pippa Middleton; James Middleton; Carole Middleton; Charles, Prince of Wales; Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; Prince Philip; (sitting): Prince William; Prince George; Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge; Queen Elizabeth

2017

January 13: Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon, former husband of Margaret Windsor, Countess of Snowdon, daughter of George VI, dies in London
August 3: Philip, Duke of Edinburgh retires from public life
November 27: Harry of Wales, son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Meghan Markle are engaged

From L to R: James, Viscount Severn, Lady Louise Windsor, Mia Tindall, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, Savannah Philips, Prince George of Cambridge, and Isla Philips

2018

January 22: Eugenie of York, daughter of Andrew, Duke of York, and Jack Brooksbank are engaged
April 20: Charles, Prince of Wales, son of Elizabeth II, is confirmed as the next Head of the Commonwealth
April 23: Louis of Cambridge is born to William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge in London
May 19: Harry, Duke of Sussex, son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Meghan Markle are married at Windsor
June 18: Lena Tindall is born to Zara Phillips Tindall and Mike Tindall in Gloucestershire

2019

May 8: Archie Mountbatten-Windsor is born to Harry, Duke of Sussex and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex in Windsor